Women in Intelligence: A Dynamic and Integrative Literature Review

Despite their pivotal roles across various capacities within the intelligence sector, including cybersecurity, peacekeeping, and national security, women's contributions are often undervalued due to systemic challenges like discrimination, sexual harassment, and mobbing. This study employs Systematic Literature Network Analysis, integrating bibliometric analysis with Systematic Literature Review, to comprehensively examine the underexplored issue of women in intelligence. This innovative methodological approach facilitates a nuanced understanding of the literature, addressing the notable absence of systematic scholarly scrutiny in this area. The findings underscore the intrinsic link between women and intelligence, highlighting their proficiency in addressing not only traditionally feminine-associated issues such as welfare and education but also demonstrating their adeptness in negotiation and socio-emotional intelligence—skills crucial for handling 'masculine' security concerns like terrorism and national threats. Despite these capabilities, women remain significantly underrepresented in intelligence roles, a disparity fueled by enduring gender biases. This research calls for policy reform, advocating for the recognition of women's indispensable contributions to intelligence and the implementation of gender-equal policies within intelligence agencies. By doing so, it aims to foster a more inclusive and diverse intelligence community, leveraging the unique strengths women bring to intelligence work and enhancing overall agency effectiveness.