Waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia

Harapan Harapan; Hibban Ar Royan; Islam Ing Tyas; Auda Nadira; Irham Faraby Abdi; Samsul Anwar; Milda Husnah; Ichsan Ichsan; Agung Pranata; Mudatsir Mudatsir; Maimun Syukri; Samsul Rizal; Razali; Hamdani; Rudi Kurniawan; Irwansyah Irwansyah; Sarwo Edhy Sofyan

doi:10.12688/f1000research.109676.1

Waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia

Harapan Harapan, Hibban Ar Royan, Islam Ing Tyas, Auda Nadira, Irham Faraby Abdi, Samsul Anwar, Milda Husnah, Ichsan Ichsan, Agung Pranata, Mudatsir Mudatsir, Maimun Syukri, Samsul Rizal, Razali, Hamdani, Rudi Kurniawan, Irwansyah Irwansyah, Sarwo Edhy Sofyan

Department of Communication Studies

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: The decrease of immunity acquired from COVID-19 vaccines is a potential cause of breakthrough infection. Understanding the dynamics of immune responses of vaccine-induced antibodies post-vaccination is important. This study aimed to measure the level of neutralizing antibody (NAb) anti-SRBD in individuals at different time points upon the receipt of the second dose of CoronaVac vaccine, as well as evaluate the plausible associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among CoronaVac-vaccinated residents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The level of NAb titre was measured using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay. A set of standardized and validated questionnaires were used to assess the demographics and other plausible associated factors. Results: Our results showed waning SARS-Cov-2 NAb titres over time post-vaccination. Compared to samples of the first month post-vaccination, the levels of NAb titres were significantly lower than those of five-months (mean 184.6 vs. 101.8 IU/mL, p = 0.009) and six-months post-vaccination (mean 184.6 vs. 95.59 IU/mL, p = 0.001). This suggests that the length of time post-vaccination was negatively correlated with antibody anti-SRBD titre. A protective level of NAbs titres (threshold of 15 IU/mL) was observed from all the samples vaccinated within one to three months; however, only 73.7% and 78.9% of the sera from five- and six-months possessed the protective titres against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The titre of NAb anti-SRBD was found significantly higher in sera of individuals having a regular healthy meal intake compared to those who did not (mean 136.7 vs. 110.4 IU/mL, p = 0.044), including in subgroup analysis that included those five to six months post-vaccination only (mean 79.0 vs. 134.5 IU/mL, p = 0.009). Conclusions: This study provides insights on the efficacy of CoronaVac vaccine in protecting individuals against SARS-CoV-2 infection over time, which may contribute to future vaccination policy management to improve and prolong protective strategy.

Original language	English
Article number	300
Journal	F1000Research
Volume	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.109676.1
Publication status	Published - 2022

Keywords

anti-SRBD
CoronaVac
COVID-19
neutralizing antibody
Sinovac

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.12688/f1000research.109676.1

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Harapan, H., Ar Royan, H., Tyas, I. I., Nadira, A., Abdi, I. F., Anwar, S., Husnah, M., Ichsan, I., Pranata, A., Mudatsir, M., Syukri, M., Rizal, S., Razali, Hamdani, Kurniawan, R., Irwansyah, I., & Sofyan, S. E. (2022). Waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia. F1000Research, 11, Article 300. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.109676.1

@article{16aad10e20ad407999370a51a3676bc2,

title = "Waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia",

abstract = "Background: The decrease of immunity acquired from COVID-19 vaccines is a potential cause of breakthrough infection. Understanding the dynamics of immune responses of vaccine-induced antibodies post-vaccination is important. This study aimed to measure the level of neutralizing antibody (NAb) anti-SRBD in individuals at different time points upon the receipt of the second dose of CoronaVac vaccine, as well as evaluate the plausible associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among CoronaVac-vaccinated residents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The level of NAb titre was measured using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay. A set of standardized and validated questionnaires were used to assess the demographics and other plausible associated factors. Results: Our results showed waning SARS-Cov-2 NAb titres over time post-vaccination. Compared to samples of the first month post-vaccination, the levels of NAb titres were significantly lower than those of five-months (mean 184.6 vs. 101.8 IU/mL, p = 0.009) and six-months post-vaccination (mean 184.6 vs. 95.59 IU/mL, p = 0.001). This suggests that the length of time post-vaccination was negatively correlated with antibody anti-SRBD titre. A protective level of NAbs titres (threshold of 15 IU/mL) was observed from all the samples vaccinated within one to three months; however, only 73.7% and 78.9% of the sera from five- and six-months possessed the protective titres against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The titre of NAb anti-SRBD was found significantly higher in sera of individuals having a regular healthy meal intake compared to those who did not (mean 136.7 vs. 110.4 IU/mL, p = 0.044), including in subgroup analysis that included those five to six months post-vaccination only (mean 79.0 vs. 134.5 IU/mL, p = 0.009). Conclusions: This study provides insights on the efficacy of CoronaVac vaccine in protecting individuals against SARS-CoV-2 infection over time, which may contribute to future vaccination policy management to improve and prolong protective strategy.",

keywords = "anti-SRBD, CoronaVac, COVID-19, neutralizing antibody, Sinovac",

author = "Harapan Harapan and {Ar Royan}, Hibban and Tyas, {Islam Ing} and Auda Nadira and Abdi, {Irham Faraby} and Samsul Anwar and Milda Husnah and Ichsan Ichsan and Agung Pranata and Mudatsir Mudatsir and Maimun Syukri and Samsul Rizal and Razali and Hamdani and Rudi Kurniawan and Irwansyah Irwansyah and Sofyan, {Sarwo Edhy}",

note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP), managed by the Indonesian Science Fund (ISF) (Grant No: RISPRO/KI/B1/TKL/5/15448/2020). The funders had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. Publisher Copyright: Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Harapan H et al.",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.12688/f1000research.109676.1",

language = "English",

volume = "11",

journal = "F1000Research",

issn = "2046-1402",

publisher = "F1000 Research Ltd",

}

Harapan, H, Ar Royan, H, Tyas, II, Nadira, A, Abdi, IF, Anwar, S, Husnah, M, Ichsan, I, Pranata, A, Mudatsir, M, Syukri, M, Rizal, S, Razali, Hamdani, Kurniawan, R, Irwansyah, I & Sofyan, SE 2022, 'Waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia', F1000Research, vol. 11, 300. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.109676.1

TY - JOUR

T1 - Waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia

AU - Harapan, Harapan

AU - Ar Royan, Hibban

AU - Tyas, Islam Ing

AU - Nadira, Auda

AU - Abdi, Irham Faraby

AU - Anwar, Samsul

AU - Husnah, Milda

AU - Ichsan, Ichsan

AU - Pranata, Agung

AU - Mudatsir, Mudatsir

AU - Syukri, Maimun

AU - Rizal, Samsul

AU - Razali,

AU - Hamdani,

AU - Kurniawan, Rudi

AU - Irwansyah, Irwansyah

AU - Sofyan, Sarwo Edhy

N1 - Funding Information: This research was funded by Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP), managed by the Indonesian Science Fund (ISF) (Grant No: RISPRO/KI/B1/TKL/5/15448/2020). The funders had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. Publisher Copyright: Copyright: © 2022 Harapan H et al.

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Background: The decrease of immunity acquired from COVID-19 vaccines is a potential cause of breakthrough infection. Understanding the dynamics of immune responses of vaccine-induced antibodies post-vaccination is important. This study aimed to measure the level of neutralizing antibody (NAb) anti-SRBD in individuals at different time points upon the receipt of the second dose of CoronaVac vaccine, as well as evaluate the plausible associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among CoronaVac-vaccinated residents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The level of NAb titre was measured using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay. A set of standardized and validated questionnaires were used to assess the demographics and other plausible associated factors. Results: Our results showed waning SARS-Cov-2 NAb titres over time post-vaccination. Compared to samples of the first month post-vaccination, the levels of NAb titres were significantly lower than those of five-months (mean 184.6 vs. 101.8 IU/mL, p = 0.009) and six-months post-vaccination (mean 184.6 vs. 95.59 IU/mL, p = 0.001). This suggests that the length of time post-vaccination was negatively correlated with antibody anti-SRBD titre. A protective level of NAbs titres (threshold of 15 IU/mL) was observed from all the samples vaccinated within one to three months; however, only 73.7% and 78.9% of the sera from five- and six-months possessed the protective titres against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The titre of NAb anti-SRBD was found significantly higher in sera of individuals having a regular healthy meal intake compared to those who did not (mean 136.7 vs. 110.4 IU/mL, p = 0.044), including in subgroup analysis that included those five to six months post-vaccination only (mean 79.0 vs. 134.5 IU/mL, p = 0.009). Conclusions: This study provides insights on the efficacy of CoronaVac vaccine in protecting individuals against SARS-CoV-2 infection over time, which may contribute to future vaccination policy management to improve and prolong protective strategy.

AB - Background: The decrease of immunity acquired from COVID-19 vaccines is a potential cause of breakthrough infection. Understanding the dynamics of immune responses of vaccine-induced antibodies post-vaccination is important. This study aimed to measure the level of neutralizing antibody (NAb) anti-SRBD in individuals at different time points upon the receipt of the second dose of CoronaVac vaccine, as well as evaluate the plausible associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among CoronaVac-vaccinated residents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The level of NAb titre was measured using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay. A set of standardized and validated questionnaires were used to assess the demographics and other plausible associated factors. Results: Our results showed waning SARS-Cov-2 NAb titres over time post-vaccination. Compared to samples of the first month post-vaccination, the levels of NAb titres were significantly lower than those of five-months (mean 184.6 vs. 101.8 IU/mL, p = 0.009) and six-months post-vaccination (mean 184.6 vs. 95.59 IU/mL, p = 0.001). This suggests that the length of time post-vaccination was negatively correlated with antibody anti-SRBD titre. A protective level of NAbs titres (threshold of 15 IU/mL) was observed from all the samples vaccinated within one to three months; however, only 73.7% and 78.9% of the sera from five- and six-months possessed the protective titres against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The titre of NAb anti-SRBD was found significantly higher in sera of individuals having a regular healthy meal intake compared to those who did not (mean 136.7 vs. 110.4 IU/mL, p = 0.044), including in subgroup analysis that included those five to six months post-vaccination only (mean 79.0 vs. 134.5 IU/mL, p = 0.009). Conclusions: This study provides insights on the efficacy of CoronaVac vaccine in protecting individuals against SARS-CoV-2 infection over time, which may contribute to future vaccination policy management to improve and prolong protective strategy.

KW - anti-SRBD

KW - CoronaVac

KW - COVID-19

KW - neutralizing antibody

KW - Sinovac

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85152909970&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.12688/f1000research.109676.1

DO - 10.12688/f1000research.109676.1

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85152909970

SN - 2046-1402

VL - 11

JO - F1000Research

JF - F1000Research

M1 - 300

ER -

Waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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