TY - JOUR
T1 - Vitamin D levels and depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
T2 - a cross-sectional study
AU - Putranto, Rudi
AU - Adhiatma, Kresna
AU - Tarigan, Tri Juli Edi
AU - Rumende, Cleopas Martin
AU - Shatri, Hamzah
AU - Rengganis, Iris
AU - Nugroho, Pringgodigdo
AU - Rinaldi, Ikhwan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Authors.
PY - 2023/9
Y1 - 2023/9
N2 - BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing and commonly accompanied by comorbidities, such as depression. Vitamin D levels have been associated with T2DM and depression although the mechanism is uncertain. This study aimed to compare vitamin D levels between patients with T2DM with and without depression in the Indonesian community, where such research is rare. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The participants who met the inclusion criteria on an outpatient basis were screened for depression using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire and then divided into 2 groups: patients with T2DM with (BDI-II ≥14) and without (BDI-II <14) depression. Both groups were examined for vitamin D levels using the ELISA method, and an analysis of the mean difference between both groups was performed. RESULTS Of 60 patients, 23 (38%) experienced depression. The median vitamin D levels were 21.8 ng/ml (IQR 14.9–26.6) in the depression group and 26.5 ng/ml (IQR 23.96– 34.08) in the non-depression group (p = 0.001). After performing multivariate analysis with confounding variables, the adjusted OR of variables (sex, sun exposure score, and body mass index) was 1.123 (95% CI: 1.003–1.259; p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with T2DM with depression. Future studies should be carried out to determine the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in patients with T2DM with depression and their pathophysiology.
AB - BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing and commonly accompanied by comorbidities, such as depression. Vitamin D levels have been associated with T2DM and depression although the mechanism is uncertain. This study aimed to compare vitamin D levels between patients with T2DM with and without depression in the Indonesian community, where such research is rare. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The participants who met the inclusion criteria on an outpatient basis were screened for depression using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaire and then divided into 2 groups: patients with T2DM with (BDI-II ≥14) and without (BDI-II <14) depression. Both groups were examined for vitamin D levels using the ELISA method, and an analysis of the mean difference between both groups was performed. RESULTS Of 60 patients, 23 (38%) experienced depression. The median vitamin D levels were 21.8 ng/ml (IQR 14.9–26.6) in the depression group and 26.5 ng/ml (IQR 23.96– 34.08) in the non-depression group (p = 0.001). After performing multivariate analysis with confounding variables, the adjusted OR of variables (sex, sun exposure score, and body mass index) was 1.123 (95% CI: 1.003–1.259; p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with T2DM with depression. Future studies should be carried out to determine the benefits of vitamin D supplementation in patients with T2DM with depression and their pathophysiology.
KW - depression
KW - type 2 diabetes mellitus
KW - vitamin D level
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85180695362&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.13181/mji.oa.237005
DO - 10.13181/mji.oa.237005
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85180695362
SN - 0853-1773
VL - 32
SP - 177
EP - 182
JO - Medical Journal of Indonesia
JF - Medical Journal of Indonesia
IS - 3
ER -