Urban Development and Traffic Congestion: Jakarta Study during the Pandemic

Rapid economic growth and urbanization of Jakarta has caused socioeconomic challenges in many sectors, including transportation. The city center faces the massive traffic congestion. Urban traffic has contributed the rise on pollutants and energy consumption. For real, this contributes to climate change and global warming. This situation calls for an urge study on the alternative solution on the energy policy to strengthening the current national climate mitigation-related agenda. This study aims to investigate the factors that cause the traffic congestions in order to get alternative solutions to mitigate the impacts on the social, economic and environment. This is a cross and multidiscipline project on urban, spatial, transportation, and policymaking to achieve comprehensive outcomes. The urban traffic in selected major urban routes of city center to buffer zones used the navigation method of PPK GNSS (Post-Processed Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System) with the aid of Trimble NetR9 receiver as a base station and U-Blox EVK-M8T GNSS low-cost receiver as a rover to get the precise, micro scale and real-time results. This study was conducted during the pandemic, when the traffic volume was not intense. The finding indicated that both macro and micro element of urban development and spatial physical features were the factors of traffic congestion. Overall, this study recommends further studies on the integrated research variables on urban, spatial and environmental as a conceptual Indonesian traffic carbon pricing mode.