Understanding the delayed factors for reducing maternal and neonatal mortality in Indonesia: Based on the 2015 inter-censal population survey and the 2014 village potential statistics

Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality in Indonesia are still high compared to countries with the same economic level. The cause of death of both the most common causes were delayed getting medical services. This study aims to understanding the delayed factors to reducing maternal and neonatal mortality in Indonesia. Method: Data were derived from two cross-sectional studies, the 2015 Intercensal Population Survey (SUPAS) and the 2014 Village Potential Statistics. The study population was women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who lived in the households located within the 40,750 census blocks of the 2015 SUPAS. There were 652,000 households. Information of all maternal and neonatal deaths (singleton live births) that occurred between 2010 and 2015. The unit analysis was a census block, and each census block consisted of 16 households. The analysis used equalized block census level of socio-economic and health program factors on the natural log of unadjusted measures of maternal and neonatal mortality. Results: Risk of mortality were women of low education (lower than secondary high school), poor household, longer average distance to hospital, a large number of traditional birth attendants and residing in out Jawa Bali, Use of contraceptives, delivery attended by trained health workers are significantly associated with lower maternal and neonatal mortality. Conclusion: socio-economic and geographic differentials contribute to delayed of health services and causes high maternal and neonatal mortality in Indonesia.