TY - JOUR
T1 - Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Xanthorrhizol from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Rhizomes by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents
T2 - Optimization, Antioxidant Activity, and Toxicity Profiles
AU - Simamora, Adelina
AU - Timotius, Kris Herawan
AU - Setiawan, Heri
AU - Saputri, Febrina Amelia
AU - Putri, Chinthia Rahadi
AU - Aryani, Dewi
AU - Ningrum, Ratih Asmana
AU - Mun'im, Abdul
PY - 2024/5/1
Y1 - 2024/5/1
N2 - Xanthorrhizol, an important marker of Curcuma xanthorrhiza, has been recognized for its different pharmacological activities. A green strategy for selective xanthorrhizol extraction is required. Herein, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) based on glucose and organic acids (lactic acid, malic acid, and citric acid) were screened for the extraction of xanthorrhizol from Curcuma xanthorrhiza. Ultrasound-assisted extraction using glucose/lactic acid (1:3) (GluLA) gave the best yield of xanthorrhizol. The response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the interacting variables of water content, solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio, and extraction to optimize the extraction. The optimum conditions of 30% water content in GluLA, 1/15 g/mL (S/L), and a 20 min extraction time yielded selective xanthorrhizol extraction (17.62 mg/g) over curcuminoids (6.64 mg/g). This study indicates the protective effect of GluLA and GluLA extracts against oxidation-induced DNA damage, which was comparable with those obtained for ethanol extract. In addition, the stability of the xanthorrhizol extract over 90 days was revealed when stored at -20 and 4 °C. The FTIR and NMR spectra confirmed the hydrogen bond formation in GluLA. Our study reported, for the first time, the feasibility of using glucose/lactic acid (1:3, 30% water v/v) for the sustainable extraction of xanthorrhizol.
AB - Xanthorrhizol, an important marker of Curcuma xanthorrhiza, has been recognized for its different pharmacological activities. A green strategy for selective xanthorrhizol extraction is required. Herein, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) based on glucose and organic acids (lactic acid, malic acid, and citric acid) were screened for the extraction of xanthorrhizol from Curcuma xanthorrhiza. Ultrasound-assisted extraction using glucose/lactic acid (1:3) (GluLA) gave the best yield of xanthorrhizol. The response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the interacting variables of water content, solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio, and extraction to optimize the extraction. The optimum conditions of 30% water content in GluLA, 1/15 g/mL (S/L), and a 20 min extraction time yielded selective xanthorrhizol extraction (17.62 mg/g) over curcuminoids (6.64 mg/g). This study indicates the protective effect of GluLA and GluLA extracts against oxidation-induced DNA damage, which was comparable with those obtained for ethanol extract. In addition, the stability of the xanthorrhizol extract over 90 days was revealed when stored at -20 and 4 °C. The FTIR and NMR spectra confirmed the hydrogen bond formation in GluLA. Our study reported, for the first time, the feasibility of using glucose/lactic acid (1:3, 30% water v/v) for the sustainable extraction of xanthorrhizol.
KW - DNA protection activity
KW - NADES
KW - NOESY
KW - response surface methodology
KW - scanning electron microscopy
KW - stability
KW - xanthorrhizol
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85192952790&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/molecules29092093
DO - 10.3390/molecules29092093
M3 - Article
C2 - 38731583
AN - SCOPUS:85192952790
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 29
JO - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JF - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
IS - 9
ER -