TY - JOUR
T1 - Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children
T2 - Experience in Indonesia
AU - Pulungan, Aman B.
AU - Fadiana, Ghaisani
AU - Annisa, Diadra
N1 - Funding Information:
The Indonesian national health insurance (BPJS) currently covers monthly insulin; this system can disrupt compliance if children cannot visit healthcare every month during school hours. Although insulin is covered, payment for glucometer strips are made out-of pocket. Serum blood glucose and HbA1c examinations are covered by the national insurance, but not C-peptide and GAD antibody/ICA. Hence, T1DM diagnosis in children in Indonesia is often delayed (48).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by The Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/1
Y1 - 2021/1
N2 - The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children in Indonesia is increasing although the real number is unknown due to high rate of misdiagnosis. Public and healthcare awareness on T1DM in children is still low, reflected by the high number of children diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The Indonesian Pediatric Society (IPS) had published a guideline on T1DM management, which consists of insulin injection, daily monitoring of blood glucose, nutrition, physical activity, and education. Aside from low awareness, current challenges on T1DM management in Indonesia are funding by the national health insurance, fasting during Ramadan, and inequities on DM care. The involvement of society, healthcare workers, stakeholders, and the government is of importance to ensure optimal management for children with diabetes.
AB - The prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children in Indonesia is increasing although the real number is unknown due to high rate of misdiagnosis. Public and healthcare awareness on T1DM in children is still low, reflected by the high number of children diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The Indonesian Pediatric Society (IPS) had published a guideline on T1DM management, which consists of insulin injection, daily monitoring of blood glucose, nutrition, physical activity, and education. Aside from low awareness, current challenges on T1DM management in Indonesia are funding by the national health insurance, fasting during Ramadan, and inequities on DM care. The involvement of society, healthcare workers, stakeholders, and the government is of importance to ensure optimal management for children with diabetes.
KW - Children
KW - Diabetes
KW - Indonesia
KW - Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099564628&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1297/cpe.30.11
DO - 10.1297/cpe.30.11
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85099564628
SN - 0918-5739
VL - 30
SP - 11
EP - 18
JO - Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology
JF - Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology
IS - 1
ER -
