Transgenic and gene disruption techniques from a concept to a tool in studying the basic pathogenesesis of various human diseases

Transgenic technologies now have become commonly used in studying and analyzing the function of many genes and regulatory elements involved in the development and differentiation of tissues. By using the combination between these techniques and gene disruption techniques, including genetic geneering, and many other techniques, such as molecular biology techniques, histotechniques, etc, now many researchers have used it to study the basic pathogenesis of various human diseases. This article reviews the most popular technique for modification of the mammalian genome in vivo. This article also explains the advantages of these techniques in studying human diseases and some illustration of basic pathogenesis of human diseases that had been discovered by using these techniques and the future potential of these techniques in the treatment of human diseases.