TY - GEN
T1 - Toward green and sustaianable ship recycling industry in Indonesia
AU - Sunaryo,
AU - Djatmiko, E. B.
AU - Kurt, R. E.
N1 - Funding Information:
The project is conducted as part of collaborative study between Universitas Indonesia, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, and University of Strathclyde under the funding of the Newton Fund Institutional Link and Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education Republic of Indonesia Basic Research Funding. With the objective to develop a sustainable, safe & environmentally sound ship recycling industry in Indonesia. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelago state with more than 17,000 islands. Therefore, it is important for Indonesia to maintain a large fleet of ships to ensure sufficient sea transportation. Hence, the government gave national shipping companies incentives to import used ships from abroad, which resulted in great number of older ships operating in Indonesia. However, these old ships when reach their uneconomical stage are required to be dismantled and replaced by new fleet. The number of Indonesian flagged shipping fleet increased significantly since the implementation of Cabotage principle through the Presidential Instruction No.5/2005 [1], from 6,041 units in March 2005 to 24,026 units in June 2016 [2]. According to the statement from Indonesian National Ship Owners Association the increase is mainly due to import of used ships from abroad, and around 70% of the fleet are categorized as old ships, which is ranging from 15 to 30 years of age [3], and according to Roesdianto [4] 20% of them have reached more than 25 years. Refer to ship life cycle norms, these uneconomical for operation ships need to be replaces with the new ones, and sent to the ship recycling yards. The term ‘ship recycling’ has just been adopted since the establishment of International Maritime Organization’s the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships (2009) [5]. Ship recycling is defined as an activity that dismantle ships partly or entirety in a facility which goal is to retrieve the components and material from the ships to be processed or reused while handling the waste in different waste treatment facility (IMO, 2009), ship recycling is reckoned not similar to ship scrapping activity; ship scrapping or ship breaking only focusing on dismantling the ship without considering their effects to environment, health and safety of the community (Gwin, 2014) [6]. With regard to the great number of old ships exist in Indonesia, it is assumed that the sustainability of ship recycling market is assured; moreover some of the developed leading shipping countries such as Japan, Korea, China, and European countries prefer to send their uneconomical ships for recycling abroad such as to Bangladesh, Pakistan, or India [7]. This trend would also be a potential market for Indonesia’s ship recycling industry. Currently there is no proper understanding and infrastructure for 'Ship Recycling’ in Indonesia yet. Some rather environmentally aware ship recycling activities are carried out by ship repair yards in Batam and Jawa Islands, but only for a few number of ships. Most of the ship recycling activities is conducted traditionally by beaching the ships to the shore and using simple tools and equipments. Parts and components that have been stripped off from the ship are temporally stacked on the shore waiting to be transported for further processing or directly sold to the end buyers. All kind of pollutants are usually found on the beach and the surrounding water fronts, which are actually threat to the environment and health of the neighbouring communities. These traditional ship recycling yards are concentrated in Bangkalan, south-western part of Madura Island, and in Cilincing North Jakarta. The existence of them are categorized as ‘Semi-legal’, because they are not legally registered to the related authorities, even though their activities are relatively very easy to be spotted, therefore precise data related to the activities are very difficult to obtain. Since ship recycling is always associated with hazardous and toxic wastes, therefore strict regulations have been established both internationally as well as nationally. Some of these regulations are: international regulations: Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships (IMO 2009); The Basel Convention on the Control of Tran boundary movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (UNEP 1989) [8]; EU Waste Shipment Regulation (Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006) [9]; EU Ship Recycling Regulation (Regulation (EU) No 1257/2013) [10]. National regulations: Regulation of the Ministry of Transport Republic of Indonesia No. PM 29/2014 on the Prevention of Maritime environmental pollution. Chapter 51 – 56[11]; Shipping Law no. 17, 2008 [12], chapter 241, and 242 on ship recycling; Government regulation No. 101 year 2014 on treatment of dangerous and poisonous wastes [13]. Considering the potential sustainable ship recycling market for Indonesia, and backed up by the availability of international and national regulations, there are great opportunities to implement green and sustainable ship recycling industry in Indonesia, and based on this challenge the project is carried out.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to express their gratefulness to the Newton Fund Institutional Links and the Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education for providing funding to carry out the project both in Indonesia as well as in the UK.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects.
PY - 2019/11/1
Y1 - 2019/11/1
N2 - The main aim of this project is to develop a sustainable, safe & environmentally sound ship recycling industry in Indonesia. As the world's largest archipelago state, it is essential for Indonesia to maintain a large fleet of ships to ensure sufficient sea transportation. However, after completing their operational life, all these ships are required to be dismantled. Currently, there is no proper understanding & infrastructure for 'Ship Recycling' in Indonesia yet. This lack of understanding causes serious contamination of the sea which results in harming the environment. Furthermore, the working conditions are extremely poor because the yards are not fit for purpose and workers are exposed to many hazards. Referring to International Maritime Organization’s Hong Kong Convention a project is carried out to preparing the process of establishing green and sustainable ship recycling industry in Indonesia by conducting gap analyses and proposing environmentally friendly ship recycling yard concept.
AB - The main aim of this project is to develop a sustainable, safe & environmentally sound ship recycling industry in Indonesia. As the world's largest archipelago state, it is essential for Indonesia to maintain a large fleet of ships to ensure sufficient sea transportation. However, after completing their operational life, all these ships are required to be dismantled. Currently, there is no proper understanding & infrastructure for 'Ship Recycling' in Indonesia yet. This lack of understanding causes serious contamination of the sea which results in harming the environment. Furthermore, the working conditions are extremely poor because the yards are not fit for purpose and workers are exposed to many hazards. Referring to International Maritime Organization’s Hong Kong Convention a project is carried out to preparing the process of establishing green and sustainable ship recycling industry in Indonesia by conducting gap analyses and proposing environmentally friendly ship recycling yard concept.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109130194&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85109130194
T3 - RINA, Royal Institution of Naval Architects - Proceedings of International Conference on Ship and Offshore Technology "Developments Marine Design, Construction and Operation"
SP - 46
EP - 52
BT - RINA, Royal Institution of Naval Architects - Proceedings of International Conference on Ship and Offshore Technology "Developments Marine Design, Construction and Operation"
A2 - Rindo, Good
A2 - Iqbal, Muhammad
A2 - Adietya, Berlian Arswendo
PB - Royal Institution of Naval Architects
T2 - 6th International Conference on Ship and Offshore Technology - Indonesia: Developments Marine Design, Construction and Operation, ICSOT Indonesia 2019
Y2 - 25 November 2019 through 26 November 2019
ER -