The Use of Response Surface Method to Optimize the Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Moringa Leaves

The Ultrasound-assisted extraction is one of the breakthrough in extraction techniques which offered the modest and more effective outcome based on several research influenced by some variables such as temperature, power and frequency, intensity, extraction time, preparation process, type and quantity of solvent. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the three parameters including extraction time, solvent-to-solid ratio, and ethanol concentration each of which consists of three levels on the percentage of yield, total phenolic content and total flavonoid by using the Response Surface Method (RSM). This research used an ultrasound equipment which was set at frequency 20 kHz, amplitude 32% and the 0,5 of intensity. The experimental design of this research employed 40 runs of Response Surface Method constructed by Central Composite Design (CCD). The output showed that that the percentage of yield about 0.37-9.86%, the total phenolic compound ranged from 27.361-59.907 mg GAE/ml and the total flavonoid result varied from 5.568-67.384 mg/ml. In addition, the more ethanol concentration used the more phenolic and flavonoid content generated, however the yield production decreases. On the other hand the higher the solvent-to-solid ratio creates the high yield yet this variables showing no impact towards two other responses. The result of this study also revealed that extraction time has no effect on all the responses.