The Relationship Between Interleukin-1β Levels and Sociodemographic Factors With Periodontal Status in the Menopausal Transition

Introduction: Before menopausal or in perimenopausal period, there will be fluctuations in women reproductive hormones, resulting in disruption of the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that disrupt the body including periodontal tissue. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level and sociodemographic factor, i.e. age and education level with periodontal status in the menopause transition period. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 82 women suffering periodontitis in Jakarta, Indonesia. Age, education level and perimenopausal status are obtained through anamnesis; the periodontal status examination is done by measuring pocket depth, attachment loss, gingival recession, oral hygiene index, while IL-1β level is obtained through blood tests. Results: This study showed that the majority of subjects willing to participate in this study aged ≤50 years (87.8%), and education level was upper Junior High School (57.3%). Based on the Spearman correlation test it was found that the IL-1β level had a significant correlation with gingival recession (p=0.003), whereas education level had a significant correlation with attachment loss (p=0.016), gingival recession (p=0.007) and oral hygiene index (p=0.004) but age does not have a significant correlation with periodontal status (p>0.05). Conclusion: Only gingival recession was a factor associated with IL-1β, whereas attachment loss, gingival recession and oral hygiene index were factors related to education level. Further research is needed to determine the factors other than cytokines and sociodemography that most play a role in influencing periodontal conditions in women who enter the menopausal transition.