TY - JOUR
T1 - The potential of several fluoride-based varnishes as remineralization agents
T2 - Morphological studies, dentin surface hardness, and crystallinity tests
AU - Soekanto, Sri Angky
AU - Fadillah, Fadiza
AU - Nuraisiya, Putri
AU - Gultom, Ferry P
AU - Sarwono, Agoeng Tjahajani
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd.
PY - 2017/12
Y1 - 2017/12
N2 - Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the effects of several fluoride-based varnishes: Sodium diamine fluoride (SDF), nanosilver fluoride (NSF), and propolis fluoride (PPF). Fluoride-based varnish is proven to remineralize and arrest caries progression with minimal side effects. SDF, the gold standard for this study, compared to NSF and PPF to observe the dentin morphology, hardness, and crystallinity test. Methods: Dentin blocks were allocated and divided into control groups and treatment groups with SDF (38%), NSF (3.16%, 3.66%, and 4.16%), and PPF (3%, 6%, and 10%). The dentin discs were demineralized using a demineralization solution (pH 4.4) for 96 h. Each dentin disc in the treatment group received a topical application of various fluoride-based varnishes and was then subjected to pH cycling for 8 days. The surface morphology of dentin was observed by a scanning electron micrograph (SEM), dentin hardness was analyzed by a Vickers microhardness tester, and the crystal characteristics of dentin blocks were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results: This study showed crystal fluorapatite on the dentin surface of SDF and NSF. There was an amorphous layer on the dentin surface of PPF (10%) detected when using SEM. The Vickers hardness number of dentin increased after the application of SDF, NSF, and PPF. XRD revealed precipitates of apatite compounds, calcium compounds, and metal compounds in the treatment groups in higher concentrations than in the control (demineralized) group. Conclusion: It was concluded that SDF, NSF, and PPF were effective for dentin remineralization. Hence, NSF and PPF fluoride-based varnishes are promising as anticariogenic agents.
AB - Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the effects of several fluoride-based varnishes: Sodium diamine fluoride (SDF), nanosilver fluoride (NSF), and propolis fluoride (PPF). Fluoride-based varnish is proven to remineralize and arrest caries progression with minimal side effects. SDF, the gold standard for this study, compared to NSF and PPF to observe the dentin morphology, hardness, and crystallinity test. Methods: Dentin blocks were allocated and divided into control groups and treatment groups with SDF (38%), NSF (3.16%, 3.66%, and 4.16%), and PPF (3%, 6%, and 10%). The dentin discs were demineralized using a demineralization solution (pH 4.4) for 96 h. Each dentin disc in the treatment group received a topical application of various fluoride-based varnishes and was then subjected to pH cycling for 8 days. The surface morphology of dentin was observed by a scanning electron micrograph (SEM), dentin hardness was analyzed by a Vickers microhardness tester, and the crystal characteristics of dentin blocks were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results: This study showed crystal fluorapatite on the dentin surface of SDF and NSF. There was an amorphous layer on the dentin surface of PPF (10%) detected when using SEM. The Vickers hardness number of dentin increased after the application of SDF, NSF, and PPF. XRD revealed precipitates of apatite compounds, calcium compounds, and metal compounds in the treatment groups in higher concentrations than in the control (demineralized) group. Conclusion: It was concluded that SDF, NSF, and PPF were effective for dentin remineralization. Hence, NSF and PPF fluoride-based varnishes are promising as anticariogenic agents.
KW - Crystallinity test
KW - Dentin morphology
KW - Dentine hardness
KW - Nanosilver fluoride
KW - Propolis fluoride
KW - Remineralization
KW - Silver diamine fluoride
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85042000137&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s2.15
DO - 10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s2.15
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85042000137
SN - 0975-7058
VL - 9
SP - 60
EP - 66
JO - International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics
JF - International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics
IS - Special Issue 2
ER -