TY - JOUR
T1 - The Optimization of HIV Testing in Eastern Indonesia
T2 - Findings from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey
AU - Ibrahim, Kusman
AU - Arifin, Hidayat
AU - Fitri, Siti Ulfah Rifa’Atul
AU - Herliani, Yusshy Kurnia
AU - Harun, Hasniatisari
AU - Setiawan, Agus
AU - Lee, Bih O.
N1 - Funding Information:
The survey was conducted in December 2017. The 2017 IDHS was nationally conducted by Statistics Indonesia, in collaboration with national agencies such as the National 3 of 14 Population and Family Planning Board and the Ministry of Health of Indonesia. This sur- vey was funded by the Indonesian government and took place from July 24 toSeptember 30, 2017, in 34 provinces. The survey was technically assisted by Inner-City Fund (ICF) This survey was funded by the Indonesian government and took place from July 24 International,through the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program [24]. The da-to 30 September 2017, in 34 provinces. The survey was technically assisted by Inner- taset was obtained from the DHS Program’s website (URL: https://www.dhspro-City Fund (ICF) International, through the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) gram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm. Accessed on19 July 2021) by applying directly, /and /wwitwwa.ds dohsprwnloadogram.com/data/available-ed after approval was obdatasets.cfmtained. . Accessed on 19 July 2021) by ap- The DHS Individual Recode and Male Recode were used in this study to obtain male and female surveys. DHS used the multistagecluster sampling design to provide the rep-arensdenfteamtiavlee esustrivmeaytsi.onD HinSfourmseadtitohne fmoru latlils teanguemcleursatteironsa amrepalisn.gDdHeSs igunsetdo pprroobvaidbeilitthyepro-rpeoprrteiosennatlattoivseizeest(iPmPaSt)iomneitnhfoodrmolaotgioinesfionr tahlle edneusmigenraatteiodnloacreaatiso.nDs HinSbuostehdruprroalb aanbidli tuyrban residences. Households were selected randomly in the enumeration areas that had been previously established and determined. All surveys included a weighted sample in the data collection. Weightingis a correction technique that is used in the survey study in order to improve the accuracy ofthe surveyestimates [25]. We weighted the DHS data because theoverall probabilityof selection of each household was not a constant [26].To the overall probability of selection of each household was not a constant [26]. To minimize minimizethe number oferrors made when obtainingthe desiredinformation andtomax-the number of errors made when obtaining the desired information and to maximize imize validity andreliability, DHS provided policies forthe use of the questionnaires, validity and reliability, DHS provided policies for the use of the questionnaires, which were which were translatedandprinted in allof the major local languages in which the inter-translated and printed in all of the major local languages in which the interviews were views were expected to take place [27]. A total of 59,636 responses were obtained from the survey. We focused the survey on eastern Indonesiawith PHC settings. A totalof13,940 responses were specifically from eastern Indonesia. Surveys with missing data were eliminated, and a subset of 2118 was ffiinnaallllyy sseelleecctteeddaafftteerr tthhee ddaattaawweerree wweeiigghhtteedd.. TThhee iinncclluussiioonn ccrriitteerriiaainin tthhisis ssttuuddyyw weerree re-rsepsopnodnednetns tsagageded 1144––5544 yyeeaarrss.. AAnnyy mmiissssiinngg ddaattaaw weerreee exxccluldueddedfr formomth tehset ustduyd(Fyi (gFuirgeu1r)e. 1).
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: We would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia for providing research grants, and the University of Padjadjaran for their support. Also, we would like to acknowledge Indonesian Demo-graphic Health Survey (IDHS) for providing data collected in 2017.
Funding Information:
We would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia for providing research grants, and the University of Padjadjaran for their support. Also, we would like to acknowledge Indonesian Demo-graphic Health Survey (IDHS) for providing data collected in 2017.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - There is a concerning increase in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence in eastern Indonesia. HIV testing rates in this area are the lowest in the country. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of HIV testing in the Public Health Centers (PHCs) in eastern Indonesia. A cross-sectional study design was utilized using secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). We focused the survey on eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua) with PHC settings. After we weighted and removed missing data, we obtained 2118 surveys (425 males and 1693 females aged 14–54 years). Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the determinants of HIV testing optimization in eastern Indonesia with a significance level of p < 0.05. The HIV testing coverage at the PHCs in eastern Indonesia was found to be 28.28%. From the survey, we found that respondents from the province of Papua (AOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.09–1.91), those who were female (AOR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.75–3.12), and those with more information on HIV (AOR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.41–2.51) were more likely to undergo HIV testing at the PHCs. Meanwhile, the wealthiest respondents (AOR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42–0.89) and the respondents who engaged in the perpetuation of stigmatization (AOR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42–1.02) were less likely to undergo HIV testing at the PHCs. The coverage of HIV testing in eastern Indonesia needs special attention from the Indonesian government. Increasing equity, distributing information regarding HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) through social media, and creating accessible HIV testing in rural areas are vital for developing appropriate interventions.
AB - There is a concerning increase in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence in eastern Indonesia. HIV testing rates in this area are the lowest in the country. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of HIV testing in the Public Health Centers (PHCs) in eastern Indonesia. A cross-sectional study design was utilized using secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). We focused the survey on eastern Indonesia (Sulawesi, Maluku, and Papua) with PHC settings. After we weighted and removed missing data, we obtained 2118 surveys (425 males and 1693 females aged 14–54 years). Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the determinants of HIV testing optimization in eastern Indonesia with a significance level of p < 0.05. The HIV testing coverage at the PHCs in eastern Indonesia was found to be 28.28%. From the survey, we found that respondents from the province of Papua (AOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.09–1.91), those who were female (AOR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.75–3.12), and those with more information on HIV (AOR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.41–2.51) were more likely to undergo HIV testing at the PHCs. Meanwhile, the wealthiest respondents (AOR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42–0.89) and the respondents who engaged in the perpetuation of stigmatization (AOR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42–1.02) were less likely to undergo HIV testing at the PHCs. The coverage of HIV testing in eastern Indonesia needs special attention from the Indonesian government. Increasing equity, distributing information regarding HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) through social media, and creating accessible HIV testing in rural areas are vital for developing appropriate interventions.
KW - HIV
KW - Indonesia
KW - public health services
KW - rural population
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127034871&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/healthcare10030533
DO - 10.3390/healthcare10030533
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85127034871
SN - 2227-9032
VL - 10
JO - Healthcare (Switzerland)
JF - Healthcare (Switzerland)
IS - 3
M1 - 533
ER -
