The influence of diabetes and or periodontitis on inflammation and adiponectin level

Background: In Indonesia, most of diabetic patients had periodontitis and 75.3% of them had severe periodontitis. Previous study found that hyperglycemia and or local inflammation (such as periodontitis) modulated systemic pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of DM and or periodontitis on systemic cytokines and adipocytokines levels. Methods and materials: A total of 57 participants with age of 29–71 years were recruited for this study. We divided them into three groups; DM-periodontitis (n = 22), periodontitis without DM (n = 16) and control (n = 19). All participants underwent physical examinations (BMI, WC, periodontal status examination) and laboratory examinations (FBG, fasting insulin, CRP, adiponektin, leptin, TNF-α and IL-10). Results: The proportion of severe periodontitis were higher in DM-periodontitis group compared to periodontitis without DM (77.3% vs 6.2%). DM-periodontitis group had lower adiponectin levels than that of periodontitis without DM group [5860.78 ± 4182.40 vs 9553.13 ± 6794.73; p = 0.046]. TNF-α/IL-10 ratio was significantly higher in the periodontitis without DM compared to control group [1.96 (1.68–2.32) vs 1.55 (1.27–1.85); p = 0.015]. Conclusion: Local inflammation such as periodontitis, elevated systemic inflammatory markers (TNF-α/IL-10 ratio). Meanwhile chronic hyperglycemia alter adipocytokines level. The changes of systemic inflammation among diabetic group had not been shown yet in this study since some antidiabetic and antilipid drugs possess anti-inflammtory effect. Age, WC and FBG correlated with severe periodontitis. Adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α and IL-10 levels did not correlated with severe periodontitis.