The effect of vegetation index on the land surface temperature in South Badung Regency, Bali Province

The land surface temperature (LST) is a crucial component of the earth's energy balance system. The temperature differences between the earth's surface and the atmosphere are reflected in LST. Conversion of land, including vegetated land, may result in changes to LST. Using the vegetation index approach—NDVI and EVI—this study seeks to ascertain how variations in vegetation density impact LST. Using Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite imagery from 2003 and Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS from 2015 and 2020, this research combines remote sensing technologies and GIS to get vegetation density and LST values, which were then subjected to field verification and spatiotemporal analysis. According to the study's findings, variations in vegetation density and soil surface temperature have an inverse or opposing relationship. The study's findings suggest that variations in vegetation density and soil surface temperature have an opposing or inverse connection. In South Badung Regency, places with low vegetation density vary more in proximity to metropolitan areas, resulting in higher soil surface temperatures. These findings suggest that several additional factors, including population density and size, land use, urban planning, rainfall, and season, influence variations in land surface temperature in South Badung Regency.