TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of the use of commercial tempeh starter on the diversity of Rhizopus tempeh in Indonesia
AU - Sjamsuridzal, Wellyzar
AU - Khasanah, Mangunatun
AU - Febriani, Rela
AU - Vebliza, Yura
AU - Oetari, Ariyanti
AU - Santoso, Iman
AU - Gandjar, Indrawati
N1 - Funding Information:
One of the authors (I. G.), collected Rhizopus strains and accumulated hundreds of strains from almost all regions in Indonesia since the 1960s. These Rhizopus strains have been preserved in the Universitas Indonesia Culture Collection (UICC), Depok, Indonesia. It is the only culture collection in Indonesia that maintains the Rhizopus strains isolated from tempeh produced using the traditional tempeh starters. Because of a lack of budget, this collection of Rhizopus strains was originally maintained only as living cultures; therefore, many strains have been lost. Since 2012, the strains have been maintained using a long-term preservation method, the liquid drying (L-drying) method, after financial support was obtained from the Society for Applied Microbiology of the United Kingdom (SfAM UK) Endangered Collection Grant.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by Hibah Publikasi Artikel di Jurnal Internasional Kuartil Q1 dan Q2 (Q1Q2), Universitas Indonesia, Tahun Anggaran 2019 [Grant Number NKB-0280/UN2.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2019].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - At present, only a single Rhizopus species, R. microsporus, can be found in fresh tempeh produced in Java, Indonesia. The loss of diversity of Rhizopus in tempeh has been associated with the widespread use of commercial tempeh starter in Indonesia since the 2000s. However, the identities of the previous Rhizopus strains associated with tempeh, which have been preserved in a culture collection in Indonesia, have not been verified. The present study aimed to verify the identities of 22 Rhizopus strains isolated from tempeh produced using the traditional tempeh starters from the 1960s to the 2000s. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS regions in the rRNA gene sequence data, revealed that the Rhizopus strains belonged to the species R. arrhizus (five strains); R. delemar (14 strains); and R. microsporus (three strains). Verification of the identities of these Rhizopus strains in the present study confirmed the loss of diversity of Rhizopus species in tempeh produced in Indonesia, particularly in Java. Our findings confirmed that the morphological changes in Rhizopus species isolated from tempeh as a result of centuries of domestication.
AB - At present, only a single Rhizopus species, R. microsporus, can be found in fresh tempeh produced in Java, Indonesia. The loss of diversity of Rhizopus in tempeh has been associated with the widespread use of commercial tempeh starter in Indonesia since the 2000s. However, the identities of the previous Rhizopus strains associated with tempeh, which have been preserved in a culture collection in Indonesia, have not been verified. The present study aimed to verify the identities of 22 Rhizopus strains isolated from tempeh produced using the traditional tempeh starters from the 1960s to the 2000s. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS regions in the rRNA gene sequence data, revealed that the Rhizopus strains belonged to the species R. arrhizus (five strains); R. delemar (14 strains); and R. microsporus (three strains). Verification of the identities of these Rhizopus strains in the present study confirmed the loss of diversity of Rhizopus species in tempeh produced in Indonesia, particularly in Java. Our findings confirmed that the morphological changes in Rhizopus species isolated from tempeh as a result of centuries of domestication.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121295235&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41598-021-03308-6
DO - 10.1038/s41598-021-03308-6
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85121295235
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 11
JO - Scientific reports
JF - Scientific reports
IS - 1
M1 - 23932
ER -