TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of ternary basicity (CaO/(Al2O3+SiO2)) on selective reduction of limonitic nickel ore
AU - Nurjaman, Fajar
AU - Amely, Idecia
AU - Astuti, Widi
AU - Suharno, Bambang
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the Universitas Indonesia for the PUTI 2020 grant with Contract No. NKB-648/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2020 for funding this research and LIPI’s science services for research laboratories.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Basicity is an essential parameter in the pyrometallurgy of nickel laterite processing to determine the low melting point temperatures of phases. However, its effect on selective reduction of nickel laterite is less studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of ternary basicity (CaO/(Al2O3+ SiO2)) in selective reduction process. Nickel laterite, sodium sulphate, and bituminous coal were mixed and pelletised into 10–15 mm diameter. The reduction process is carried out at a temperature of 1150°C for 60 minutes in a muffle furnace continued with the magnetic separation process. The ternary basicity values were modified with CaO addition varied from 0.1 to 1.0. Modifying basicity with CaO addition could destroy the silicate and magnesium oxide complex structure, thus releasing iron and nickel to form the metallic phase of ferronickel, which could increase the nickel grade in ferronickel. Nevertheless, excessive addition of CaO resulted in the formation of calcium silicate structures with high melting point temperatures, such as akermanite and merwinite, which could suppress the troilite and inhibit the agglomeration of ferronickel particles. The optimal ternary basicity is 0.1 (which was modified by CaO addition). It resulted in 6.08% and 88.83% of nickel grade and recovery, respectively.
AB - Basicity is an essential parameter in the pyrometallurgy of nickel laterite processing to determine the low melting point temperatures of phases. However, its effect on selective reduction of nickel laterite is less studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of ternary basicity (CaO/(Al2O3+ SiO2)) in selective reduction process. Nickel laterite, sodium sulphate, and bituminous coal were mixed and pelletised into 10–15 mm diameter. The reduction process is carried out at a temperature of 1150°C for 60 minutes in a muffle furnace continued with the magnetic separation process. The ternary basicity values were modified with CaO addition varied from 0.1 to 1.0. Modifying basicity with CaO addition could destroy the silicate and magnesium oxide complex structure, thus releasing iron and nickel to form the metallic phase of ferronickel, which could increase the nickel grade in ferronickel. Nevertheless, excessive addition of CaO resulted in the formation of calcium silicate structures with high melting point temperatures, such as akermanite and merwinite, which could suppress the troilite and inhibit the agglomeration of ferronickel particles. The optimal ternary basicity is 0.1 (which was modified by CaO addition). It resulted in 6.08% and 88.83% of nickel grade and recovery, respectively.
KW - ferronickel
KW - Limonitic nickel ore
KW - selective reduction
KW - ternary basicity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109794833&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/2374068X.2021.1949539
DO - 10.1080/2374068X.2021.1949539
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85109794833
SN - 2374-068X
VL - 8
SP - 763
EP - 773
JO - Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies
JF - Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies
IS - sup2
ER -