The effect of annona muricata leaf ethanolic extract on insulin expression and glucagon-like peptide-1 level in Alloxan-lnduced Mice

Annona muricata (Annonaceace) or commonly known as soursop is known to have an antidiabetic effect. Soursop leaf extract was found to increase pancreatic beta-cell regeneration. This study aimed to determine the effect of soursop leaf ethanolic extract (SLEE) on fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin expression and plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. This study used a post-test-only control cohort design. The designed animal cohorts of 30 male Swiss Webster mice were used in this study by dividing into six cohorts consisted of healthy control, negative control, and positive control that was treated with 0.65 mg/kg BW of glibenclamide. The other three cohorts were P1, P2, and P3 that were treated with SLEE in 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg BW, respectively. Histopathological examination with immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of pancreatic beta-cells was observed to obtain the morphological insulin expression. The results showed that the SLEE administration performed significantly decreased FBG from day 7 to day 14 for all cohorts (p < 0.05). It also indicated significantly different in CN cohort and P2 cohort (p < 0.05) for the insulin expression. Moreover, statistical differences were also found in CN cohort and other 5 cohorts for plasma GLP-1 level (p < 5). Histopathological changes also confirmed insulin expression significantly increased in pancreatic islets after treatment with medium dose of SLEE in P2 cohort (300 mg/kg), continued with P3, CP, CN, and P1 cohorts, respectively. It can be concluded A. muricata leaf ethanolic extracts were potential in treating diabetic disease.