The Effect of a 5% Propolis Mouthwash on Proliferation, Bacterial Interactions, and Susceptibility of Cariogenic (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis) within Dual-Species Biofilm Models (In vitro)

Sri Angky Soekanto, Muhamad Lokananda Damas Pangestu, Agnes Maureen Senjaya, Endang Winiati Bachtiar, Boy Muchlis Bachtiar

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Introduction: Propolis is a natural substance highly regarded in the medical field, including dentistry. This study is primarily directed towards the examination of the effects of a 5% propolis mouthwash on biofilm growth, bacterial interactions, as well as the sensitivity of cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis) within an in vitro dual-species biofilm environment. Materials and methods: These bacteria were cultured and subsequently placed in 96-well plates. The 5% propolis mouthwash was introduced into the well plates and subjected to a 24-hour incubation period. Following this, a DNA extraction procedure was performed, enabling the utilization of PCR techniques to assess the relative proportions and sensitivities of S. mutans and S. sanguinis. Crystal Violet assays were conducted to determine biofilm mass and investigate the interactions between the two bacterial species. Results: The antibacterial properties of propolis are efficacious in inhibiting bacterial growth within the biofilm. Furthermore, the presence of sorbitol in the 5% propolis mouthwash is assumed to inhibit glucose utilization by S. mutans and impede acid production from sucrose by sorbitol-grown cells, thereby capable of inhibiting the growth of S. mutans. Streptococcus mutans was more sensitive to 5% propolis mouthwash than Streptococcus sanguinis. Conclusion: There is an antagonistic interaction between Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria. 5% propolis mouthwash was able to reduce biofilm mass and biofilm growth rate of dual-species Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis biofilms. However, 5% propolis mouthwash could not stop or fully inhibit the growth of the dual-species biofilm.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)116-122
Number of pages7
JournalMalaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences
Volume20
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2024

Keywords

  • Antibacterial
  • Dual-Species Biofilm Models
  • Propolis
  • Streptococcus mutans
  • Streptococcus sanguinis

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