TY - JOUR
T1 - The Effect of a 5% Propolis Mouthwash on Proliferation, Bacterial Interactions, and Susceptibility of Cariogenic (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis) within Dual-Species Biofilm Models (In vitro)
AU - Soekanto, Sri Angky
AU - Pangestu, Muhamad Lokananda Damas
AU - Senjaya, Agnes Maureen
AU - Bachtiar, Endang Winiati
AU - Bachtiar, Boy Muchlis
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Universiti Putra Malaysia Press. All rights reserved.
PY - 2024/6
Y1 - 2024/6
N2 - Introduction: Propolis is a natural substance highly regarded in the medical field, including dentistry. This study is primarily directed towards the examination of the effects of a 5% propolis mouthwash on biofilm growth, bacterial interactions, as well as the sensitivity of cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis) within an in vitro dual-species biofilm environment. Materials and methods: These bacteria were cultured and subsequently placed in 96-well plates. The 5% propolis mouthwash was introduced into the well plates and subjected to a 24-hour incubation period. Following this, a DNA extraction procedure was performed, enabling the utilization of PCR techniques to assess the relative proportions and sensitivities of S. mutans and S. sanguinis. Crystal Violet assays were conducted to determine biofilm mass and investigate the interactions between the two bacterial species. Results: The antibacterial properties of propolis are efficacious in inhibiting bacterial growth within the biofilm. Furthermore, the presence of sorbitol in the 5% propolis mouthwash is assumed to inhibit glucose utilization by S. mutans and impede acid production from sucrose by sorbitol-grown cells, thereby capable of inhibiting the growth of S. mutans. Streptococcus mutans was more sensitive to 5% propolis mouthwash than Streptococcus sanguinis. Conclusion: There is an antagonistic interaction between Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria. 5% propolis mouthwash was able to reduce biofilm mass and biofilm growth rate of dual-species Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis biofilms. However, 5% propolis mouthwash could not stop or fully inhibit the growth of the dual-species biofilm.
AB - Introduction: Propolis is a natural substance highly regarded in the medical field, including dentistry. This study is primarily directed towards the examination of the effects of a 5% propolis mouthwash on biofilm growth, bacterial interactions, as well as the sensitivity of cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis) within an in vitro dual-species biofilm environment. Materials and methods: These bacteria were cultured and subsequently placed in 96-well plates. The 5% propolis mouthwash was introduced into the well plates and subjected to a 24-hour incubation period. Following this, a DNA extraction procedure was performed, enabling the utilization of PCR techniques to assess the relative proportions and sensitivities of S. mutans and S. sanguinis. Crystal Violet assays were conducted to determine biofilm mass and investigate the interactions between the two bacterial species. Results: The antibacterial properties of propolis are efficacious in inhibiting bacterial growth within the biofilm. Furthermore, the presence of sorbitol in the 5% propolis mouthwash is assumed to inhibit glucose utilization by S. mutans and impede acid production from sucrose by sorbitol-grown cells, thereby capable of inhibiting the growth of S. mutans. Streptococcus mutans was more sensitive to 5% propolis mouthwash than Streptococcus sanguinis. Conclusion: There is an antagonistic interaction between Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria. 5% propolis mouthwash was able to reduce biofilm mass and biofilm growth rate of dual-species Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis biofilms. However, 5% propolis mouthwash could not stop or fully inhibit the growth of the dual-species biofilm.
KW - Antibacterial
KW - Dual-Species Biofilm Models
KW - Propolis
KW - Streptococcus mutans
KW - Streptococcus sanguinis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85199697580&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85199697580
SN - 1675-8544
VL - 20
SP - 116
EP - 122
JO - Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences
JF - Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences
ER -