The Characterization of hydrocarbon compounds in bio-oil produced by pyrolysis of biomass from the essential oil distilled residue using ZSM-5 and YSZ catalysts

The main hydrocarbon containing in petroleum and natural gas are important feedstocks for various kinds of fuel and petrochemical products, but these non-renewable resources will diminish their supply over time and that is why the development of environmentally friendly hydrocarbon resources whose more secure should be driven. One of the origins could become the residue of the distillation process of essential oils using catalytic pyrolysis that would produce the hydrocarbon distribution products. The use of acid catalysts such as ZSM-5 can improve the hydrocarbon in bio-oil. However, the use of zeolites can mainly accelerate the cracking of long molecules to make hydrocarbon molecules simpler by forming carbonium ions from the carbon-carbon chain. Thus, requiring a modification of the catalyst with adds YSZ catalyst, which can cut off oxygen from the hydrocarbon group is needed to improve the results of catalytic pyrolysis. The results of this study showed that the maximum temperature at 550 C was able to increase the yield of steam products and the production of non-oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds. Similarly, the optimization condition of the argon gas flow rate is 100 mL/min. In that condition, the fluidization of biomass material occurs maximally, and the occurrence of the heat transfer process is very fast. While the optimum ratio of YSZ/ZSM-5 catalyst was achieved by a 3:2 ratio. YSZ is very effective at 550 C in assisting ZSM-5 to form non-oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds. It can be proofed by GC-MS results that non-oxygenated compounds produced such a group of non-oxygenated hydrocarbon cyclic, paraffin, and aromatic compounds are dominant.