The association between dietary habits and recurrence of kidney stones: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Kidney stone disease is a significant global health issue that imposes a substantial burden on both patients and healthcare systems which affects 5-10% of the general population. There are several factors involved in its pathogenesis including insufficient dietary habits and fluid intake. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare between dietary intake across populations and recurrent urinary tract stones. This systematic review and metaanalysis aims to compare the associations between dietary intake across populations and recurrent kidney stones. Methods: Systematic search up to March 2023 were conducted through PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE. The systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Means and standard deviation of the nutrient intakes were extracted in patients with urinary stone disease group and control group. Results: Seven articles were further assessed with two articles were assessed through meta-analysis. Two studies showed that high sodium intake [SMD = 0.29 95% CI =-0.13, 0,71] was found in patient with urinary stone disease, while high water intake [SMD =-0.40 95% CI =-1.14, 0.34] was found in the control group. Conclusion: Animal protein, processed meat, sodium, and sugary beverages were associated with an increased risk of developing urinary stones, whereas vegetable protein and water intake were associated with a decreased risk.