The apoptotic effect of gallic acid and its derivatives on primary cultured endometriosis cells

Background: Research into endometriosis falls behind despite increasing publication for the last 5 years, contributing to lack of non-invasive treatments and 20% decrease in quality of life. Since gallic acid usage as anti-inflammatory agent has been elucidated in cancer cells, this study serves to investigate the potential of gallic acid as an apoptotic inducer in endometriosis cells. Methods: Primary culture of endometriosis was derived from patients who had laparascopy via enzymatic technique. In vitro endometriosis cells were treated with three dosages of 25.6 g/ml, 51.2 g/ml and 102.4 g/ml of gallic acid, heptyl gallate, and octyl gallate for 48 hours. Determination of quality and quantification of early, late, viable, and necrotic cells was done using confocal fluorescence with acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining of at least 100 cells per sample. Results: Control samples showed 63.8% cell underwent apoptosis. Gallic acid, heptyl gallate, and octyl gallate showed different inhibition pattern. Apoptosis after gallic acid treatment decreased from 90.1% to 79.2% as the dose is increased. On the contrary, 51.2 g/ml heptyl induce 92.5% apoptosis, while octyl showed most apoptosis at 93.1% Conclusion: This study exhibited apoptotic inductor effect of octyl gallate, followed by heptyl gallate and gallic acid and their potency as treatment for endometriosis.