TY - JOUR
T1 - The absence of mutations in the exon 2 kras gene in several ethnic groups in north sumatra may not the main factor for lung cancer
AU - Soeroso, Noni Novisari
AU - Ananda, Fannie Rizki
AU - Pradana, Andika
AU - Tarigan, Setia Putra
AU - Syahruddin, Elisna
AU - Noor, Dimas Ramadhian
N1 - Funding Information:
The epidemiological data of the distribution of KR?S mu- tation may vary from several studies. From ?sian popula- tion, Chinese and Japanese population was the most pro-6. CONCLUSION vided data in KR?S population with approximately ? ?-? ? %T here was no mutation of KR?S detected in our study. cases (?, ??, ?? ). ?hereas, there is a lower incidence of KIRn?teSr action of several factors including ethic variation, life mutation in the Indonesian population compare with av-habituation, and mutation of other oncogene or tumor sup-erage ?sian data (?? ). ?hile differentiation of country also pressor genes might contribute to promote lung cancer in plays role in the percentage of KR?S mutation, the ethnic the North Sumatera population. differences might also affect the expression of KR?S. In- donesia is a country with a wide variation of ethnic. In • Ethical Patients Consent Statement: The first author confirms that pa-North Sumatera, there were several ethnics with different tients consent to enroll in the study was obtained. The authors certify habits including smoking, eating behavior, and traditional that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent. rite which might affect the lung carcinogenesis out of on-• Acknowledgements: The authors would like to give gratitude to the cogenes factors ( ? ? ). Previous studies in Indonesia showed researchers who work in the Indonesian Medical Education and Re- that Bataknese have polymorphisn of CYP ?? which is the search Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, main enzymes for nicotine metabolism and it was asso-Indonesia. The authors also grateful for the contribution of General ciated with dependence rate of nicotine consumption ( ? ? ) Hospital of H. Adam Malik, Santa Elizabeth Hospital, and Murni Teguh eventhough it was not significant related to the incidence of Memoriam Hospital. I am especially indebted to dr. Ruth in Persaha- lung cancer ( ? ? ). Bataknese, as the most common ethnic in batan Hospital, dr. Sumondang in Elizabeth Hospital, and dr. Sufida in North Sumatera, tends to have a lower prevalence of onco-Murni Teguh Memoriam Hospital as pathologist and dr. Brema as car- gene driver. ?long with local data in our region, Bataknese diothoracic surgeon who helped in this work. has lower EGFR expression compare with the average per-• Author’s contribution: Each author were involved to the accuracy or centage in a recent study ( ? ? ). ? further larger scale of study integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and re- was needed to evaluate and compare the expression of sev-solved. Final proof reading was made by the first author. eral oncogenic drivers including EGFR, KR?S, ?LK, BR?F, • Con ?ict of interest: There are no con ?icts of interest. ROS-?, and their consequences in clinical manifestation • Financial support and sponsorship: This study was funded by the Di-and prognosis in lung cancer in several ethnic in Indonesia. rectorate of Research and Community Service (DRPM), Ministry of KR?S mutation is a hereditary mutation but its ex-Education and Higher Education, Indonesia in 2020. The sponsor has pression may associate with smoking dose ( ? ? ). Cigarette no role in data collection, interpretation, and manuscript preparation. smoking habit promotes not only the mutation of KR?S as the oncogene, but also p53, tumor suppressor gene. Perri’s REFERENCES study concluded that the mutation of p ?� has occurred in �K Bjaanæs MM. et al. Genome-wide DN? methylation analyses ? ? % of tumors, particularly solid tumors. p ?� can interact in lung adenocarcinomas: ?ssociation with EGFR, KR?S and with oncogenes and accelerate carcinogenesis ( ? ? ). For-tu TP � mutation status, gene expression and prognosis. Molec- nately, there was no data about the mutation of p ? ? in In-do ular Oncology. Elsevier B? . ? ��焀 ��调�贄开 ? �?– �?�K doi: nesia, so the role of p ? � in developing lung cancer remains molonc. ? ��K ��K ���K unclear. However, the probabilities of p ?� as the more -sig �K Ferrer I. et al. KR?S-Mutant non-small cell lung cancer: From nificant factors to promote lung cancer compare with KR?S biology to therapy. Lung Cancer. Elsevier Ireland Ltd. ? ��开 �? mutation cannot be ruled out. ?�K doi: ��K ���爁約Klungcan. ? ��K �? . ���K Since KR?S mutations detections were not detected and Garrido P. et al. Treating KR?S -mutant NSCLC: Latest ev- most of the samples were wild-type cancer in non-small idence and clinical consequences. Therapeutic ?dvances in lung cancer, tumor cells that carried KR?S mutations should be considered while detected KR?S to increase sensitivity to detect mutations. However, in samples with the majority of tumor cells (< ? ? %) no mutations were observed, meaning that sequencing using sanger methods was still reliable to detect patients’ status, in particular in Indonesia ( ??). Limitation of this study The limitation of the study was the small number of samples and a small amount of DN? extraction. From almost ??� paraffin-block collected in this study, more than half were considered not significant for genotype analysis because of the lack of cell tumors. In this study, all of our samples were obtained from the bronchoscopy procedure. The majority of histopathology preparation was performed by forceps biopsy and transbronchial lung biopsy that provide a small size of histopathology preparation. Lack of cryotherapy and thermal ablation facilities in our area caused the increased risk of massive bleeding when obtaining more size of tumor from bronchoscopy.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Noni Novisari Soeroso, Fannie Rizki Ananda, Andika Pradana, Setia Putra Tarigan, Elisna Syahruddin, Dimas Ramadhian Noor
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Background: Rat Sarcoma (RAS) protein encoded Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP-ase) activity, known as a switch of cell proliferation. The mutation of this protein alters the early stage of carcinogenesis and along with the interaction with other oncogene drivers and environmental factors affect the clinical characteristics and prognosis in cancer patients, particularly lung cancer. Objective: This study aims to determine the Kristen Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) mutation in lung cancer patients in North Sumatera and evaluate factors that might contribute in the development of lung cancer in the absence of KRAS mutation. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study enrolled 44 subjects age > 18 year with the diagnosis of lung cancer. Histopathology preparation was obtained from surgery, bronchoscopy, and percutaneus needle biopsy then formed as paraffin-block. KRAS mutation was analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method with specific primer of exon 2 for evaluating the expression of RAS protein then continued with Sanger Sequencing Method at 12th and 13th codon. Results: The majority of subjects were male, age > 40 years old, bataknese, heavy smoker, with Adenocarcinoma. Almost all the subjects showed the expression of exon 2 of RAS protein in PCR examinations. However, Sequencing analysis using Bioedit Software, BLASTs and Finch T showed GGT GGC as protein base 219-224 which represented 12th and 13th Codon 12 and 13. The results interpreted there was no mutations of exon 2 of KRAS in North Sumatera Population. Conclusion: The absence of KRAS mutation in exon 2 in several ethnics in North Sumatera populations was not the main factors of lung cancer.
AB - Background: Rat Sarcoma (RAS) protein encoded Guanosine Triphosphate (GTP-ase) activity, known as a switch of cell proliferation. The mutation of this protein alters the early stage of carcinogenesis and along with the interaction with other oncogene drivers and environmental factors affect the clinical characteristics and prognosis in cancer patients, particularly lung cancer. Objective: This study aims to determine the Kristen Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) mutation in lung cancer patients in North Sumatera and evaluate factors that might contribute in the development of lung cancer in the absence of KRAS mutation. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study enrolled 44 subjects age > 18 year with the diagnosis of lung cancer. Histopathology preparation was obtained from surgery, bronchoscopy, and percutaneus needle biopsy then formed as paraffin-block. KRAS mutation was analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method with specific primer of exon 2 for evaluating the expression of RAS protein then continued with Sanger Sequencing Method at 12th and 13th codon. Results: The majority of subjects were male, age > 40 years old, bataknese, heavy smoker, with Adenocarcinoma. Almost all the subjects showed the expression of exon 2 of RAS protein in PCR examinations. However, Sequencing analysis using Bioedit Software, BLASTs and Finch T showed GGT GGC as protein base 219-224 which represented 12th and 13th Codon 12 and 13. The results interpreted there was no mutations of exon 2 of KRAS in North Sumatera Population. Conclusion: The absence of KRAS mutation in exon 2 in several ethnics in North Sumatera populations was not the main factors of lung cancer.
KW - Ethnic variation
KW - Exon 2
KW - Indonesian
KW - KRAS mutation
KW - Lung cancer
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111477707&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5455/AIM.2021.29.108-112
DO - 10.5455/AIM.2021.29.108-112
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85111477707
SN - 0353-8109
VL - 29
SP - 108
EP - 112
JO - Acta Informatica Medica
JF - Acta Informatica Medica
IS - 2
ER -
