TY - JOUR
T1 - Tackling resistance to cancer immunotherapy
T2 - What do we know?
AU - Gondhowiardjo, Soehartati A.
AU - Handoko,
AU - Jayalie, Vito Filbert
AU - Apriantoni, Riyan
AU - Barata, Andreas Ronald
AU - Senoaji, Fajar
AU - Wulan Utami, IGAA Jayanthi
AU - Maubere, Ferdinand
AU - Nuryadi, Endang
AU - Giselvania, Angela
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors
PY - 2020/9
Y1 - 2020/9
N2 - Cancer treatment has evolved tremendously in the last few decades. Immunotherapy has been considered to be the forth pillar in cancer treatment in addition to conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Though immunotherapy has resulted in impressive response, it is generally limited to a small subset of patients. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance toward cancer immunotherapy may shed new light to counter that resistance. In this review, we highlighted and summarized two major hurdles (recognition and attack) of cancer elimination by the immune system. The mechanisms of failure of some available immunotherapy strategies were also described. Moreover, the significance role of immune compartment for various established cancer treatments were also elucidated in this review. Then, the mechanisms of combinatorial treatment of various conventional cancer treatment with immunotherapy were discussed. Finally, a strategy to improve immune cancer killing by characterizing cancer immune landscape, then devising treatment based on that cancer immune landscape was put forward.
AB - Cancer treatment has evolved tremendously in the last few decades. Immunotherapy has been considered to be the forth pillar in cancer treatment in addition to conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Though immunotherapy has resulted in impressive response, it is generally limited to a small subset of patients. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance toward cancer immunotherapy may shed new light to counter that resistance. In this review, we highlighted and summarized two major hurdles (recognition and attack) of cancer elimination by the immune system. The mechanisms of failure of some available immunotherapy strategies were also described. Moreover, the significance role of immune compartment for various established cancer treatments were also elucidated in this review. Then, the mechanisms of combinatorial treatment of various conventional cancer treatment with immunotherapy were discussed. Finally, a strategy to improve immune cancer killing by characterizing cancer immune landscape, then devising treatment based on that cancer immune landscape was put forward.
KW - Antigen presentation
KW - Cancer
KW - Immune checkpoint
KW - Immune escape
KW - Immunosuppression
KW - Immunotherapy
KW - Resistance
KW - T cell
KW - Treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090820812&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/molecules25184096
DO - 10.3390/molecules25184096
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32911646
AN - SCOPUS:85090820812
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 25
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
IS - 18
M1 - 4096
ER -
