Synthesis of Phenolipid Compound from Ricinoleic Acid with Protocatechuic Acid and its Activity Assay as an Emulsifier, Antioxidant, and BSLT Test

Protocatechuic acid is a phenolic compound that has excellent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and some bioactivity activities. Protocatechuic acid can be reacted with fatty acids through a Fischer esterification reaction to increase its hydrophobicity. In this study, esterification between ricinoleic acid and protocatechuic acid was conducted. The phenolipid compound is purified using the chromatography of the silica gel column with eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate (9:1, v/v). TLC analysis for fraction A purification results of phenolipid methyl ricinoleic-protocatechuic acid showed an Rf value of 0.55. Characterization using FT-IR indicates a new absorption at a wavenumber of 1198.81 cm^-1, indicating the presence of an aromatic C-O ester group and at a wavenumber of 771.56 cm^-1, indicating the presence of an aromatic C-H group. The type of emulsion shown is water in oil (W/O). Antioxidant activity test results showed that phenolipid compound was classified into moderate-strength antioxidants with an IC50 value of 150.67 ppm. The results of testing toxic properties with the BSLT method showed that phenolipid compound was categorized as a compound with moderate toxic properties with a value of LC50 of 351.30 ppm.