Synthesis of Hidroxyapatite Using Microwave Irradiation and Sintering with Variation pH and Time

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) with the formula of chemical compound Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂ is a bone replacement material used in alternative bone graft technology. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in pH and time on Hydroxyapatite synthesis using microwave irradiation and sintering. The results show variations in pH and time affect crystal size, degree of crystallinity and morphological forms. XRD characterization showed that the samples irradiated by microwaves with time variations produced a crystal size of around 15 until 21 nm. The addition of the sintering process results in three times the crystal size be compared to the microwave process. XRD characterization also shows that variations in pH give rise to a secondary phase in the form of chlorapatite. FTIR characterization shows that the sintering process removes carbonate groups and SEM-EDX characterization of pH 11 samples which are only irradiated by microwaves produces a particle size of about 63.43 nm with a Ca / P ratio of 1.59 and the addition of the sintering process produces a particle size of around 180.62 nm with a Ca / P ratio of 1.48. The use of high temperatures affects the growth of crystals in the synthesis of Hydroxyapatite.