TY - JOUR
T1 - Synthesis of graphitic carbon from empty palm oil fruit bunches through single-step graphitization process using K2FeO4-KOH catalyst as lithium ion battery anode
AU - Nuriskasari, Isnanda
AU - Syahrial, Anne Zulfia
AU - Ivandini, Tribidasari A.
AU - Sumboja, Afriyanti
AU - Priyono, Bambang
AU - Yan, Qingyu
AU - Destyorini, Fredina
AU - Priyono, Slamet
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Author(s)
PY - 2024/12
Y1 - 2024/12
N2 - This research aims to optimize the graphitization process of carbon derived from Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunches (EPOFB), a renewable biomass source, using a single-step K₂FeO₄-KOH impregnation-activation method. The results demonstrate that increasing the mass of K₂FeO₄, up to the optimal level, enhances the degree of graphitization, as confirmed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Optimal performance is observed with a catalyst mass of 0.11 g K₂FeO₄ in the C_ K₂FeO₄(0.11)KOH_800 sample, which exhibits a d002 spacing of 0.3356 nm, an IG/ID ratio of 2.42, a high surface area of 787.767 m²/g, and clearly defined graphitic layers in TEM images. Electrochemical testing of C_ K₂FeO₄(0.11)_KOH_800 reveals promising results, including the lowest charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 87.18 Ω, a significant area under the curve in cyclic voltammetry, a charging capacity of 330.3 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C, with an excellent rate capability of 183 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C after 100 cycles, maintaining a retention rate of 68.2 %. The single-step K₂FeO₄-KOH impregnation-activation method effectively enhances the graphitization of EPOFB-derived carbon, offering potential applications in high-performance lithium battery anodes.
AB - This research aims to optimize the graphitization process of carbon derived from Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunches (EPOFB), a renewable biomass source, using a single-step K₂FeO₄-KOH impregnation-activation method. The results demonstrate that increasing the mass of K₂FeO₄, up to the optimal level, enhances the degree of graphitization, as confirmed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Optimal performance is observed with a catalyst mass of 0.11 g K₂FeO₄ in the C_ K₂FeO₄(0.11)KOH_800 sample, which exhibits a d002 spacing of 0.3356 nm, an IG/ID ratio of 2.42, a high surface area of 787.767 m²/g, and clearly defined graphitic layers in TEM images. Electrochemical testing of C_ K₂FeO₄(0.11)_KOH_800 reveals promising results, including the lowest charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 87.18 Ω, a significant area under the curve in cyclic voltammetry, a charging capacity of 330.3 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C, with an excellent rate capability of 183 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C after 100 cycles, maintaining a retention rate of 68.2 %. The single-step K₂FeO₄-KOH impregnation-activation method effectively enhances the graphitization of EPOFB-derived carbon, offering potential applications in high-performance lithium battery anodes.
KW - Anode
KW - Battery
KW - EPOFB
KW - Graphite
KW - Graphitization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85208023717&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103273
DO - 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103273
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85208023717
SN - 2590-1230
VL - 24
JO - Results in Engineering
JF - Results in Engineering
M1 - 103273
ER -