Synthesis of 1,4-dihydropiridine with aromatic of cinnamaldehyde compound using nife₂o₄ mnps catalyst and the activity test as antioxidant

1,4-dihydropyridine (DHPs) is a class of compounds that are significantly present in a variety of natural products and commercial medicines such as felodipine. This study aims to modify cinnamaldehyde to become derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine using NiFe₂O₄ MNPs as the catalyst. NiFe₂O₄ MNPs were synthesized by the co-precipitation method using a 2:1 molar ratio between ferrite nitrate and nickel nitrate and analyzed by XRD and SEM-EDX. The results of the characterization support that NiFe₂O₄ MNPs were successfully synthesized. After that, NiFe₂O₄ was tested for its ability as a catalyst in the synthesis of 1,4 dihydropyridine. The synthesis results are confirmed with MP apparatus, UV/Vis Spectrophotometry, FT-IR and GC-MS, and obtained three 1,4-dihydropyridine compounds, namely 2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester (compound 1), 2,6-dimethyl-4-styryl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester (compound 2), and 4-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester (compound 3). The ability NiFe₂O₄ as catalyst gives a significant difference yield between the reaction with and without the catalyst.