Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfonated Anionic Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Oleat Surfactant Based on Oleic Fatty Acid Palm Oil

Surfactant is a palm oil-based product that was rapidly developed. One type of surfactant with several advantages is anionic surfactant, known for its good emulsion, detergency, and thermal stability. The synthesis of this surfactant involved three steps: first, the polymerization of glycerol with a variable KOH catalyst (1%-4% w/v); second, the esterification of the polyglycerol with oleic acid; and finally, the sulfonation of polyglycerol oleate with H₂SO₄. The molecular weight of the obtained polyglycerol was determined using the Ostwald method, and the polymerization process was confirmed with FTIR. Polyglycerol oleate was characterized by determining the acid number, ester number, ion number, and saponification number, and confirmed using FTIR and 1H-NMR. Sulfonated polyglycerol oleate was characterized using FTIR and 1H-NMR.