Synthesis and antioxidant activity of benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c] phenazine derivative compound via one-pot multicomponent reaction

Phenazine derivative compounds are of concern because of their extraordinary activities in medicine. The aim of this study is to synthesize the derivative of benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c] phenazine compound based on lawsone with caffeine catalyst using the one-pot multicomponent reaction method and test its antioxidant activity. The formation of the target compound was evaluated for functional group vibration, maximum wavelength, and molecular weight by FTIR, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, and LCMS, which showed the characteristics of the benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c] phenazine compound. The synthesized compound was 3-amino-2-cyano-1-(2-hydroxyl-phenyl)-1H-benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c] phenazine with the molecular formula C₂₆H₁₆N₄O₂. At the optimum condition of the reaction, the use of caffeine catalyst was able to give a product yield of 67.2%. The potential of the synthesized compound as an antioxidant could be classified as a good antioxidant with an IC₅₀ value of 14.26 ppm.