TY - JOUR
T1 - Study of sea surface temperature (Sst), does it affect coral reefs?
AU - Ampou, Eghbert Elvan
AU - Manessa, M. Dwi Mandini
AU - Hamzah, Faisal
AU - Widagti, Nuryani
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Wakatobi National Park, TNC-WWF Wakatobi Conservation Team, Bunaken National Park, Conservation International Indonesia, Raja Ampat Marine Protected Area for enormous help given during fieldworks. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of the manuscript and their constructive remarks. The authors are grateful to the Institute for Marine Research and Observation (IMRO), and the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries for research funding and facilities.
Funding Information:
The authors are grateful to the Institute for Marine Research and Observation (IMRO), and the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries for research funding and facilities.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Universitas Airlangga.
PY - 2020/11
Y1 - 2020/11
N2 - This research aims to identify the influence of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) to coral disease and bleaching using MODIS-Aqua data from 2003-2009 and NOAA Coral Reef Watch data. Field-data collection on coral disease and bleaching was carried out in Bunaken National Park, Wakatobi National Park, and Raja Ampat, in August, October, and November 2009, respectively. The presence of coral disease and bleaching was observed by using time-swim method. A prevalence formula was used to calculate the percentage of coral disease and bleaching colonies. The range of mean SST value from each location: Bunaken from 26.84-31.45oC, Wakatobi from 26.09-31.95oC and Raja Ampat from 27.72-31.36oC. There is an influence of SST anomaly on the presence of dis-ease and coral bleaching. During 2003-2019, the highest SST anomaly that could increase the risk of the coral bleaching phenomenon was found in 2010. Coral disease and bleaching were found at locations with high SST anomaly, low nitrate and available phosphate. However, high SST anomalies were not a main cause of coral disease and bleaching. In many locations in Indonesia, mass-bleaching has occurred and the ability of coral adaptation is the main key in dealing with this phenomenon.
AB - This research aims to identify the influence of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) to coral disease and bleaching using MODIS-Aqua data from 2003-2009 and NOAA Coral Reef Watch data. Field-data collection on coral disease and bleaching was carried out in Bunaken National Park, Wakatobi National Park, and Raja Ampat, in August, October, and November 2009, respectively. The presence of coral disease and bleaching was observed by using time-swim method. A prevalence formula was used to calculate the percentage of coral disease and bleaching colonies. The range of mean SST value from each location: Bunaken from 26.84-31.45oC, Wakatobi from 26.09-31.95oC and Raja Ampat from 27.72-31.36oC. There is an influence of SST anomaly on the presence of dis-ease and coral bleaching. During 2003-2019, the highest SST anomaly that could increase the risk of the coral bleaching phenomenon was found in 2010. Coral disease and bleaching were found at locations with high SST anomaly, low nitrate and available phosphate. However, high SST anomalies were not a main cause of coral disease and bleaching. In many locations in Indonesia, mass-bleaching has occurred and the ability of coral adaptation is the main key in dealing with this phenomenon.
KW - Bunaken
KW - Coral disease and bleaching
KW - Morotai
KW - Prevalence
KW - Raja Ampat
KW - SST
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100899993&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.20473/jipk.v12i2.20316
DO - 10.20473/jipk.v12i2.20316
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85100899993
SN - 2085-5842
VL - 12
SP - 199
EP - 213
JO - Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan
JF - Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan
IS - 2
ER -