TY - JOUR
T1 - Stability of anti-acne niosome gels containing betel leaf (Piper betle L.) essential oil
AU - Jufri, Mahdi
AU - Muthaharrah, Muthaharrah
AU - Humairah, Elsa
AU - Purwaningsih, Erni Hernawati
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd.
PY - 2017/10
Y1 - 2017/10
N2 - Objective: Formulation, antibacterial activity, and stability tests of niosomal gels containing betel leaf (Piper betle L.) essential oil as an anti-acne treatment were carried out. Niosome vesicular carriers provide drug delivery through the topical and transdermal routes. The aim of creating the niosome preparation was to increase the transfollicular penetration and improve the stability of the gel. Materials and Methods: Betel leaf essential oil extraction was performed using the steam distillation method, and essential oil compound identification was completed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The niosome formulations were generated with two cholesterol– surfactant amount ratios, specifically, 1:1 (F1) and 1:2 (F2; w/w). The niosomes were evaluated, including the entrapment efficiency test, using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry; particle size analysis was performed using a particle size analyzer; and the vesicle morphology test was conducted using transmission electron microscopy. The niosomes were made into a gel using 0.5% carbopol 940 as the gelling agent. The niosome gels were evaluated for their organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, and stability for 12 weeks at three different storage temperatures, namely, low temperature (4±2°C), room temperature (28±2°C), and high temperature (40±2°C). Results: The test results showed that the F2 niosome gel was more stable than the F1 gel was, while the antibacterial activities of the F1 and F2 niosome gels did not differ significantly. Conclusion: The niosomal gel preparations’ inhibition of the growth of P. acnes bacteria was decreased compared with that of the essential oils.
AB - Objective: Formulation, antibacterial activity, and stability tests of niosomal gels containing betel leaf (Piper betle L.) essential oil as an anti-acne treatment were carried out. Niosome vesicular carriers provide drug delivery through the topical and transdermal routes. The aim of creating the niosome preparation was to increase the transfollicular penetration and improve the stability of the gel. Materials and Methods: Betel leaf essential oil extraction was performed using the steam distillation method, and essential oil compound identification was completed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The niosome formulations were generated with two cholesterol– surfactant amount ratios, specifically, 1:1 (F1) and 1:2 (F2; w/w). The niosomes were evaluated, including the entrapment efficiency test, using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry; particle size analysis was performed using a particle size analyzer; and the vesicle morphology test was conducted using transmission electron microscopy. The niosomes were made into a gel using 0.5% carbopol 940 as the gelling agent. The niosome gels were evaluated for their organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, and stability for 12 weeks at three different storage temperatures, namely, low temperature (4±2°C), room temperature (28±2°C), and high temperature (40±2°C). Results: The test results showed that the F2 niosome gel was more stable than the F1 gel was, while the antibacterial activities of the F1 and F2 niosome gels did not differ significantly. Conclusion: The niosomal gel preparations’ inhibition of the growth of P. acnes bacteria was decreased compared with that of the essential oils.
KW - Gas chromatography
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - Niosomes
KW - Particle size analysis
KW - Propionibacterium acnes
KW - Transmission electron microscopy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85033660957&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s1.72_79
DO - 10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s1.72_79
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85033660957
SN - 0975-7058
VL - 9
SP - 130
EP - 134
JO - International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics
JF - International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics
ER -