TY - JOUR
T1 - Specific and non-specific parameters based on simplicia and ethyl acetate fractions of star fruit leaves (Averrhoa Carambola L.)
AU - Fitriani, Dian
AU - Elya, Berna
AU - Noviani, Arika
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/3
Y1 - 2020/3
N2 - Objective: Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is a plant with numerous benefits, including anti-skin inflammation properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate simplicia and ethyl acetate fractions of star fruit leaves collected from three regions in Indonesia, including Depok, Subang, and Sukabumi, and to characterize specific and non-specific parameters. Methods: Extraction was performed through maceration. Next, liquid partitioning was performed to obtain ethyl acetate fractions. Chromatograms for simplicia and ethyl acetate fractions for samples from three regions were obtained using chloroform: methanol:water (8:2:0.5) with apigenin as the standard. Results: The yield of the ethyl acetate fraction from the star fruit leaves was 4.2-6.2%. Water content, total ash content, and acid-soluble ash contents were 4.79%, 1.55%, and 0.064%, respectively, and total flavonoid levels were 14.63-22.14 mg QE/g of a fraction. The water-soluble and ethanol-soluble extracts were 14.32% and 9.69%, respectively, and total flavonoid contents were 0.12-0.18 mg QE/g simplicia. In addition, drying losses, ash content, and acid-soluble ash content were 9.70%, 7.14%, and 0.31%, respectively. The results of solvent residues and heavy metal contaminant (Hg, Pb, Cd, and As) tests indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction did not contain solvent residue or heavy metal contamination. Conclusion: The specific and non-specific parameters based on simplicia and ethyl acetate fractions from star fruit leaves meet the requirement.
AB - Objective: Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is a plant with numerous benefits, including anti-skin inflammation properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate simplicia and ethyl acetate fractions of star fruit leaves collected from three regions in Indonesia, including Depok, Subang, and Sukabumi, and to characterize specific and non-specific parameters. Methods: Extraction was performed through maceration. Next, liquid partitioning was performed to obtain ethyl acetate fractions. Chromatograms for simplicia and ethyl acetate fractions for samples from three regions were obtained using chloroform: methanol:water (8:2:0.5) with apigenin as the standard. Results: The yield of the ethyl acetate fraction from the star fruit leaves was 4.2-6.2%. Water content, total ash content, and acid-soluble ash contents were 4.79%, 1.55%, and 0.064%, respectively, and total flavonoid levels were 14.63-22.14 mg QE/g of a fraction. The water-soluble and ethanol-soluble extracts were 14.32% and 9.69%, respectively, and total flavonoid contents were 0.12-0.18 mg QE/g simplicia. In addition, drying losses, ash content, and acid-soluble ash content were 9.70%, 7.14%, and 0.31%, respectively. The results of solvent residues and heavy metal contaminant (Hg, Pb, Cd, and As) tests indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction did not contain solvent residue or heavy metal contamination. Conclusion: The specific and non-specific parameters based on simplicia and ethyl acetate fractions from star fruit leaves meet the requirement.
KW - Apigenin
KW - Averrhoa carambola
KW - Non-specific parameters
KW - Specific parameters
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85084147726&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s1.FF022
DO - 10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s1.FF022
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85084147726
SN - 0975-7058
VL - 12
SP - 112
EP - 115
JO - International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics
JF - International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics
IS - Special Issue 1
ER -