TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatio-temporal Changes of Water Quality Based on Water Quality Index Method in Tropical Lake of Indonesia
AU - Komala, Puti Sri
AU - Soeprobowati, Tri Retnaningsih
AU - Takarina, Noverita Dian
AU - Subehi, Luki
AU - Wojewódka-Przybył, Marta
AU - Primasari, Budhi
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Riset Kolaborasi Indonesia (RKI) Skema C (Mitra) Contract Number 434-05/UN7.D2/PP/VI/2022 (host), T/46/UN.16.17/PT.01.03/IS-RKI Skema C (Mitra)/2022 (co-host), and NKB-1085/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2022 (co-host) and partially from Riset Kolaborasi Indonesia (RKI) Skema C Contract Number 391-05/UN7.D2/PP/V/2023 Scheme C (host), 8/UN. 16.19/PT.01.03/IS-RKI + Skema C (Mitra)/2023 (co-host), and NKB-1076/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2023 (co-host).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2023/9
Y1 - 2023/9
N2 - In recent years, the water quality of Lake Maninjau, Agam Regency has decreased significantly along with the uncontrolled growth of fish cages. This study aims to determine the water quality index of Lake Maninjau, Indonesia, with extensive fish cages and analyse spatio-temporal distribution of the water quality of the lake. The secondary data (2018–2020) and the primary data (July–December 2022) were used in this study. Results showed that the water quality of Lake Maninjau is rated “poor” with the water index value of 39.44. The middle of the lake is the most polluted area. Water quality in the middle of the lake was 28.27, pH 7.77, 4.38 mg TSS/L, 4.06 mg DO/L, 5.06 mg BOD5/L, 22.60 mg COD/L, 0.09 mg TP/L, 1.63 mg TN/L, 19.41 mg sulphate/L, and 24.80 mg sulphide/L. It indicates that the distribution of pollutants is evenly distributed throughout the area, confirmed by the locations of the fish cages which are evenly distributed. Furthermore, the temperature, TN, and sulphide showed significant differences throughout the years, whereas in terms of location, merely dissolved oxygen was considerably different. This phenomenon is possibly affected by the vertical mixing of the lake as hydrodynamic factors. Overall, the study provides insight into the water quality in Lake Maninjau as well as the contribution of the fish cages to its water quality.
AB - In recent years, the water quality of Lake Maninjau, Agam Regency has decreased significantly along with the uncontrolled growth of fish cages. This study aims to determine the water quality index of Lake Maninjau, Indonesia, with extensive fish cages and analyse spatio-temporal distribution of the water quality of the lake. The secondary data (2018–2020) and the primary data (July–December 2022) were used in this study. Results showed that the water quality of Lake Maninjau is rated “poor” with the water index value of 39.44. The middle of the lake is the most polluted area. Water quality in the middle of the lake was 28.27, pH 7.77, 4.38 mg TSS/L, 4.06 mg DO/L, 5.06 mg BOD5/L, 22.60 mg COD/L, 0.09 mg TP/L, 1.63 mg TN/L, 19.41 mg sulphate/L, and 24.80 mg sulphide/L. It indicates that the distribution of pollutants is evenly distributed throughout the area, confirmed by the locations of the fish cages which are evenly distributed. Furthermore, the temperature, TN, and sulphide showed significant differences throughout the years, whereas in terms of location, merely dissolved oxygen was considerably different. This phenomenon is possibly affected by the vertical mixing of the lake as hydrodynamic factors. Overall, the study provides insight into the water quality in Lake Maninjau as well as the contribution of the fish cages to its water quality.
KW - Fish cages
KW - Lake Maninjau
KW - Pollutants
KW - Spatio-temporal
KW - Water quality index
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85169679881&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11270-023-06599-9
DO - 10.1007/s11270-023-06599-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85169679881
SN - 0049-6979
VL - 234
JO - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
JF - Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
IS - 9
M1 - 594
ER -