Skid resistance performance against temperature change of hot-mix recycled asphalt pavement with added crumb rubber

Skid resistance is the result of friction between the road surface and vehicle tires. Vehicle safety is affected by the skid resistance value, and increased road surface friction can be achieved at a high slip resistance. In the present study, crumb rubber (CR) and Refined Buton Asphalt (RBA) blend is examined as additives for recycled asphalt mixtures, known as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in gap-graded aggregates. The percentages of CR used were 0% and 1.0%, with two sample types namely before and after being crossed by the vehicle wheel. Skid resistance testing was carried out using a British pendulum tester at temperatures of 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, and 50°C, which are the most common road surface temperatures in Indonesia. The test values were derived from the British pendulum number and skid number (SN). The effect of the CR on the SN value is not significant, with an increase in the SN value at a temperature of 45°C, which then decreases at a higher temperature. The addition of CR affects the SN value only at low temperatures. This is consistent with the performance of the gap-graded RAP mixture, particularly in terms of the Marshall stability compared to the asphalt mixture without CR. The RAP mixture with the gap-graded aggregate and the addition of CR exhibits no impact on the SN value of the wheel trajectory resistance owing to temperature changes.