Safety risk factors amongst online motorcycle taxi drivers who provide public transportation in depok, indonesia

In Indonesia, motorcycles are typically the first choice and favourite form of transportation, particularly since they were integrated with the country’s online transportation-for-hire system. This system, known as‘online ojek’, was organised by a number of companies. This employment type, which involves drivers who work as independent contractors rather than employees, is characterised by weak engagement of the company with the drivers, making it difficult to ensure drivers’ health and safety. As a result, it is important to understand the safety risk factors affecting online ojek drivers. This research was qualitative and quantitative in nature and took place in the cities of Depok, Bekasi, Bogor, and Tangerang. A total of 101participants were selected by purposive random sampling. The research found that 48.04% of participants had experienced a ‘near miss’ whilst driving, caused by a lack of concentration, and 67.65% of respondents blamed their lack of mental focus on fatigue. Furthermore, we discovered that 41.18% of participants sleep fewer than six hours per day, and 47.06% work 11–15 hours per day. Additional factors that affect fatigue are motorcycle vibration and road noise. Moreover, all respondents showed signs of musculoskeletal disorders, with 25% indicating they felt pain in the low back and 17% in their thighs.