Rhizopora apiculata (Blume) Density, NDVI, and Utilization by Fishermen Community in Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve, Penjaringan District, Jakarta, Indonesia

Rhizopora apiculata is a common mangrove species found in tropical Asia, and it is also widely used by communities living near mangrove forests, including in Indonesia, due to its wood durability. This study aims to assess the status and utilization of R. apiculata, primarily by the fishermen community living near Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. The density of R. apiculata was determined by placing 100-meter-long transects from west to East in Muara Angke. While the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of R. apiculata was studied using Landsat 8 satellite images with specific near-infrared and red wavelengths. The utilization of R. apiculata was assessed through interviews with 108 fishermen. The results showed that the west parts of Muara Angke had higher density, NDVI values, and canopy covers, with the R. apiculata density, NDVI, and canopy cover ranges being 3339.5-2856.3 Ha^-1 trees, 0.79-0.99 percent, and 90-100 percent. There was a positive relationship between R. apiculata density, NDVI, and cover and the distance to the fishermen's village, decreasing NDVI trends toward villages. NDVI values in R. apiculata populations located far (> 1 km) from villages were higher, while NDVI values in R. apiculata populations located close (1 km) to villages were lower. Low density and NDVI values near the village were linked to fishermen's understanding and use of R. apiculata. This research can help to conserve and sustainably use the remaining mangrove community, primarily in Jakarta Bay.