reconceptualization of hate speech offenses in indonesia

Hate speech in current society is similar to the expression and incitement of hatred towards other people and communities in aspects such as religion, sexual orientation, disability, gender, race, skin color, and country. When not handled in an effective, efficient, and law-abiding manner, it could create community conflict, increase discrimination, and cause violence and death. This would result in a dangerously negative impact onvictims. Therefore, this study aimed to propose two options for dealing with hate speech, such as the law onprotecting victims and criminal sanctions for perpetrators. It contributed to creating a law that protects victimsof hate speech and makes them feel safe because the act is considered a crime. Any unlawful intentional, or unintentional activity should be considered an act that violates the constitution and punishable by imprisonmentor a fine.