TY - JOUR
T1 - Probing ionization characteristics of under-water plasma arc discharge using simultaneous current and voltage versus time measurement in carbon nanoparticle synthesis
AU - Anwar, Miftahul
AU - Saraswati, Teguh E.
AU - Anjarwati, Lia
AU - Moraru, Daniel
AU - Udhiarto, Arief
AU - Adriyanto, Feri
AU - Maghfiroh, Hari
AU - Nuryadi, Ratno
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Y. Mahardhika and R. Fadhilah for their support in the experiment and discussions. All authors contributed to analyzing the results and reviewing the manuscript. This work was partially supported by Grants-in-Aid for International Collaboration (No: 452/UN27.21/PN/2020 ), (No: 260/UN27.22/HK.07.00/2021 ) from Sebelas Maret University , and Grants-in-Aid (Hibah PPI Q1 No: NKB-601/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2021 ) from University of Indonesia .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
PY - 2022/4
Y1 - 2022/4
N2 - This study investigated the characteristics of plasma ionization that occurs during plasma arc discharge in water using carbon electrodes. The characterization of plasma ionization begins by observing the arc shape using a digital camera associated with voltage oscillation using current and voltage vs. time (I-t and V-t) characteristics. Furthermore, the ionization energy calculation is performed using simultaneous I-t and V-t measurement data. These calculations are then compared to the photon energy from the optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The results from the digital camera indicate four types of arc discharge in terms of shape and intensity related to voltage oscillation. Moreover, the energy calculations show that by using the I-t and V-t methods is possible to measure the plasma ionization detected not only in the range 1–4 eV but also in the outside range, including smaller than 1 eV and greater than 4 eV. These ranges correspond to the emission lines in visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet, respectively. In addition, the I-t and V-t methods can also measure the excitation and recombination energy of the arc discharge plasma ionization. This study reveals the possibility of investigating the characteristics of plasma ionization using simultaneous I-t and V-t measurements, which comprise an easier and more practical method in the diagnostics of carbon nanoparticle synthesis
AB - This study investigated the characteristics of plasma ionization that occurs during plasma arc discharge in water using carbon electrodes. The characterization of plasma ionization begins by observing the arc shape using a digital camera associated with voltage oscillation using current and voltage vs. time (I-t and V-t) characteristics. Furthermore, the ionization energy calculation is performed using simultaneous I-t and V-t measurement data. These calculations are then compared to the photon energy from the optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The results from the digital camera indicate four types of arc discharge in terms of shape and intensity related to voltage oscillation. Moreover, the energy calculations show that by using the I-t and V-t methods is possible to measure the plasma ionization detected not only in the range 1–4 eV but also in the outside range, including smaller than 1 eV and greater than 4 eV. These ranges correspond to the emission lines in visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet, respectively. In addition, the I-t and V-t methods can also measure the excitation and recombination energy of the arc discharge plasma ionization. This study reveals the possibility of investigating the characteristics of plasma ionization using simultaneous I-t and V-t measurements, which comprise an easier and more practical method in the diagnostics of carbon nanoparticle synthesis
KW - I-t and V-t measurement
KW - Ionization characteristics
KW - Plasma diagnostics
KW - Probing
KW - Underwater arc discharge
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121141739&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.mne.2021.100099
DO - 10.1016/j.mne.2021.100099
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85121141739
SN - 2590-0072
VL - 14
JO - Micro and Nano Engineering
JF - Micro and Nano Engineering
M1 - 100099
ER -