Prevalence and associated factors of female sexual dysfunction among type 2 diabetes patients in Indonesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aims: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a neglected chronic complication of diabetes. However, there is a scarcity of data in Indonesia, which is currently ranked as the 5th in the world for the number of people with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Our study aims to analyze the prevalence and factors of FSD among T2D patients in Indonesia. Method: Literature searching was performed in PubMed/Medline®, CINAHL®, Embase®, Proquest®, Scopus®, local journals and libraries. All studies in searching keywords “sexual”, “diabetes” and “Indonesia” with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were included, without time or language restriction. Pooled prevalence and odds ratio of associated factors of FSD were analyzed using STATA. Results: Ten studies comprised 572 females with T2D were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of FSD reached 52% (95% CI = 0.49–0.56; I² 93.9%, p < 0.001). After removing one study that was conducted with an unstandardized questionnaire cut-off value, the pooled prevalence of FSD was 62% (95% CI = 0.58–0.66; I² 68.7%, p = 0.001). Age more than 45 years old and or menopause, and the use of antihypertensives were associated with FSD. While Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is only correlated with a desire for sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: FSD was prevalent among T2D patients in Indonesia and was associated with age more than 45 years old, menopause, and the use of antihypertensive medications.