Possible Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Saliva

Priska Natassya; Nurtami Soedarsono; Antonius Winoto Suhartono; Elza Ibrahim Auerkari

doi:10.1063/5.0097978

Possible Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Saliva

Priska Natassya, Nurtami Soedarsono, Antonius Winoto Suhartono, Elza Ibrahim Auerkari

Department of Oral Biology

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

Inhalation of droplets through coughing, sneezing, or even talking can induce direct transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from person to person, and contact with the nose, eyes, and oral mucosa can also cause transmission. Compared with nasopharyngeal specimens, the matching rate of saliva to respiratory viruses (including Coronavirus) is as high as 90%. Coronavirus is only found in the saliva of some individuals but not in nasopharyngeal inhalation. Viruses come from many sources: saliva, nasopharyngeal secretions, and respiratory secretions. The goal of this study is to figure out what the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection through saliva is. This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. In SARS-CoV-2, the glycoprotein found in the viral envelope spikes binds to cell receptors in the form of ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the salivary glands is a potential since ACE2 is expressed in the salivary glands. Saliva also contains IgA, which can be used as a biomarker for high-risk patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection is detected using IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies. Saliva samples are also more sensitive than nasopharyngeal swabs. The combined use of saliva samples and nasopharyngeal swabs is also conducive to a more accurate diagnosis. The probable molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection from saliva may be deduced from the above statement.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	6th Biomedical Engineering''s Recent Progress in Biomaterials, Drugs Development, and Medical Devices
Subtitle of host publication	Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering, ISBE 2021
Editors	Siti Fauziyah Rahman, Ahmad Zakiyuddin, Yudan Whulanza, Nurul Intan
Publisher	American Institute of Physics Inc.
ISBN (Electronic)	9780735443716
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0097978
Publication status	Published - 16 Aug 2022
Event	6th International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering''s Recent Progress in Biomaterials, Drugs Development, and Medical Devices, ISBE 2021 - Depok, Virtual, Indonesia Duration: 7 Jul 2021 → 8 Jul 2021

Publication series

Name	AIP Conference Proceedings
Volume	2537
ISSN (Print)	0094-243X
ISSN (Electronic)	1551-7616

Conference

Conference	6th International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering''s Recent Progress in Biomaterials, Drugs Development, and Medical Devices, ISBE 2021
Country/Territory	Indonesia
City	Depok, Virtual
Period	7/07/21 → 8/07/21

Keywords

ACE 2
IgA
Molecular
Pathogenesis
Saliva
SARS-CoV-2

Access to Document

10.1063/5.0097978

Cite this

Natassya, P., Soedarsono, N., Suhartono, A. W., & Auerkari, E. I. (2022). Possible Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Saliva. In S. F. Rahman, A. Zakiyuddin, Y. Whulanza, & N. Intan (Eds.), 6th Biomedical Engineering''s Recent Progress in Biomaterials, Drugs Development, and Medical Devices: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering, ISBE 2021 Article 030002 (AIP Conference Proceedings; Vol. 2537). American Institute of Physics Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0097978

Natassya, Priska ; Soedarsono, Nurtami ; Suhartono, Antonius Winoto et al. / Possible Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Saliva. 6th Biomedical Engineering''s Recent Progress in Biomaterials, Drugs Development, and Medical Devices: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering, ISBE 2021. editor / Siti Fauziyah Rahman ; Ahmad Zakiyuddin ; Yudan Whulanza ; Nurul Intan. American Institute of Physics Inc., 2022. (AIP Conference Proceedings).

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title = "Possible Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Saliva",

abstract = "Inhalation of droplets through coughing, sneezing, or even talking can induce direct transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from person to person, and contact with the nose, eyes, and oral mucosa can also cause transmission. Compared with nasopharyngeal specimens, the matching rate of saliva to respiratory viruses (including Coronavirus) is as high as 90%. Coronavirus is only found in the saliva of some individuals but not in nasopharyngeal inhalation. Viruses come from many sources: saliva, nasopharyngeal secretions, and respiratory secretions. The goal of this study is to figure out what the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection through saliva is. This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. In SARS-CoV-2, the glycoprotein found in the viral envelope spikes binds to cell receptors in the form of ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the salivary glands is a potential since ACE2 is expressed in the salivary glands. Saliva also contains IgA, which can be used as a biomarker for high-risk patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection is detected using IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies. Saliva samples are also more sensitive than nasopharyngeal swabs. The combined use of saliva samples and nasopharyngeal swabs is also conducive to a more accurate diagnosis. The probable molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection from saliva may be deduced from the above statement.",

keywords = "ACE 2, IgA, Molecular, Pathogenesis, Saliva, SARS-CoV-2",

author = "Priska Natassya and Nurtami Soedarsono and Suhartono, {Antonius Winoto} and Auerkari, {Elza Ibrahim}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.; 6th International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering''s Recent Progress in Biomaterials, Drugs Development, and Medical Devices, ISBE 2021 ; Conference date: 07-07-2021 Through 08-07-2021",

year = "2022",

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day = "16",

doi = "10.1063/5.0097978",

language = "English",

series = "AIP Conference Proceedings",

publisher = "American Institute of Physics Inc.",

editor = "Rahman, {Siti Fauziyah} and Ahmad Zakiyuddin and Yudan Whulanza and Nurul Intan",

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Natassya, P, Soedarsono, N , Suhartono, AW & Auerkari, EI 2022, Possible Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Saliva. in SF Rahman, A Zakiyuddin, Y Whulanza & N Intan (eds), 6th Biomedical Engineering''s Recent Progress in Biomaterials, Drugs Development, and Medical Devices: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering, ISBE 2021., 030002, AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2537, American Institute of Physics Inc., 6th International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering''s Recent Progress in Biomaterials, Drugs Development, and Medical Devices, ISBE 2021, Depok, Virtual, Indonesia, 7/07/21. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0097978

Possible Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Saliva. / Natassya, Priska; Soedarsono, Nurtami ; Suhartono, Antonius Winoto et al.
6th Biomedical Engineering''s Recent Progress in Biomaterials, Drugs Development, and Medical Devices: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering, ISBE 2021. ed. / Siti Fauziyah Rahman; Ahmad Zakiyuddin; Yudan Whulanza; Nurul Intan. American Institute of Physics Inc., 2022. 030002 (AIP Conference Proceedings; Vol. 2537).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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AU - Soedarsono, Nurtami

AU - Suhartono, Antonius Winoto

AU - Auerkari, Elza Ibrahim

PY - 2022/8/16

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N2 - Inhalation of droplets through coughing, sneezing, or even talking can induce direct transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from person to person, and contact with the nose, eyes, and oral mucosa can also cause transmission. Compared with nasopharyngeal specimens, the matching rate of saliva to respiratory viruses (including Coronavirus) is as high as 90%. Coronavirus is only found in the saliva of some individuals but not in nasopharyngeal inhalation. Viruses come from many sources: saliva, nasopharyngeal secretions, and respiratory secretions. The goal of this study is to figure out what the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection through saliva is. This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. In SARS-CoV-2, the glycoprotein found in the viral envelope spikes binds to cell receptors in the form of ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the salivary glands is a potential since ACE2 is expressed in the salivary glands. Saliva also contains IgA, which can be used as a biomarker for high-risk patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection is detected using IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies. Saliva samples are also more sensitive than nasopharyngeal swabs. The combined use of saliva samples and nasopharyngeal swabs is also conducive to a more accurate diagnosis. The probable molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection from saliva may be deduced from the above statement.

AB - Inhalation of droplets through coughing, sneezing, or even talking can induce direct transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from person to person, and contact with the nose, eyes, and oral mucosa can also cause transmission. Compared with nasopharyngeal specimens, the matching rate of saliva to respiratory viruses (including Coronavirus) is as high as 90%. Coronavirus is only found in the saliva of some individuals but not in nasopharyngeal inhalation. Viruses come from many sources: saliva, nasopharyngeal secretions, and respiratory secretions. The goal of this study is to figure out what the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection through saliva is. This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. In SARS-CoV-2, the glycoprotein found in the viral envelope spikes binds to cell receptors in the form of ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the salivary glands is a potential since ACE2 is expressed in the salivary glands. Saliva also contains IgA, which can be used as a biomarker for high-risk patients. SARS-CoV-2 infection is detected using IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies. Saliva samples are also more sensitive than nasopharyngeal swabs. The combined use of saliva samples and nasopharyngeal swabs is also conducive to a more accurate diagnosis. The probable molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection from saliva may be deduced from the above statement.

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Natassya P, Soedarsono N , Suhartono AW , Auerkari EI. Possible Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Saliva. In Rahman SF, Zakiyuddin A, Whulanza Y, Intan N, editors, 6th Biomedical Engineering''s Recent Progress in Biomaterials, Drugs Development, and Medical Devices: Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Biomedical Engineering, ISBE 2021. American Institute of Physics Inc. 2022. 030002. (AIP Conference Proceedings). doi: 10.1063/5.0097978

Possible Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Saliva

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