Phytochemical and in vitro cytotoxicity analyses of wild bean (Glycine soja) ethanol extract using laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells

Laryngeal cancer accounts for 0.6% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide. Wild soybean contains natural ingredients that have anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of wild bean ethanol extract in inhibiting the growth of epidermal laryngeal cancer (Hep-2) cells for use as adjuvant therapy. Phytochemical analysis and thin-layer chromatography of the wild bean ethanol extract were conducted to identify the compounds contained in the extract. Wild bean ethanol extracts were tested against Hep-2 cancer cells in vitro. Cisplatin was used as a positive control. After incubation for 24 h, the inhibitory activities of the extracts were assessed with the MTT assay, and absorbances were determined with a microplate reader. Based on the phytochemical test results, the wild bean ethanol extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, saponins, and glycosides. The MTT assay showed that the median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of the wild bean ethanol extract was 118.061 μg/mL, and there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the inhibitory activity at 800 μg/mL in comparison to the other treatment groups and controls. The IC₅₀ value of cisplatin was 78.569 μg/mL. The wild bean ethanol extract had moderate cytotoxicity against Hep-2 laryngeal cancer cells and was less toxic than cisplatin.