TY - JOUR
T1 - Phospholipase a2 is an inflammatory predictor in cardiovascular diseases
T2 - Is there any spacious room to prove the causation?
AU - Santoso, Anwar
AU - Heriansyah, Teuku
AU - Rohman, Mohammad S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Bentham Science Publishers.
PY - 2020/1/1
Y1 - 2020/1/1
N2 - Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an enzyme family of phospholipase A2 produced by the inflammatory cell in atherosclerotic plaque. It is transported in the circulation, attached mainly to low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). It hydrolyzes glycerophos-pholipids particularly fatty acids at the sn-2 position and produces numerous bioactive lipids; and leads to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, and development of the necrotic core in plaques. There are two kinds of phospholipase A2, namely: secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and Lp-PLA2. They are deemed as evolving predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in hospital-and population-based studies, including healthy subjects, acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and patients with CVD. Unfortunately, Lp-PLA2 inhibitor (darapladib) and s-PLA2 inhibitor (varespladib methyl) failed to prove to lower the risk of composite CVD mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke in those with stable CVD and ACS. Herein, we describe the explanation based on the existing data why there is still a discrepancy among them. So, it highlights the opinion that phospholipase A2 is merely the inflammatory biomarkers of CVD and playing an important role in atherosclerosis. Further, there is more spacious room to prove the causation.
AB - Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an enzyme family of phospholipase A2 produced by the inflammatory cell in atherosclerotic plaque. It is transported in the circulation, attached mainly to low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). It hydrolyzes glycerophos-pholipids particularly fatty acids at the sn-2 position and produces numerous bioactive lipids; and leads to endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, and development of the necrotic core in plaques. There are two kinds of phospholipase A2, namely: secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and Lp-PLA2. They are deemed as evolving predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in hospital-and population-based studies, including healthy subjects, acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and patients with CVD. Unfortunately, Lp-PLA2 inhibitor (darapladib) and s-PLA2 inhibitor (varespladib methyl) failed to prove to lower the risk of composite CVD mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke in those with stable CVD and ACS. Herein, we describe the explanation based on the existing data why there is still a discrepancy among them. So, it highlights the opinion that phospholipase A2 is merely the inflammatory biomarkers of CVD and playing an important role in atherosclerosis. Further, there is more spacious room to prove the causation.
KW - Acute coronary syndromes
KW - Atherosclerosis
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - LDL-C
KW - Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A
KW - Myocardial infarction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85078879677&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2174/1573403X15666190531111932
DO - 10.2174/1573403X15666190531111932
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31146670
AN - SCOPUS:85078879677
VL - 16
SP - 3
EP - 10
JO - Current Cardiology Reviews
JF - Current Cardiology Reviews
SN - 1573-403X
IS - 1
ER -