TY - JOUR
T1 - Performance Evaluation of Collision Avoidance for Multi-node LoRa Networks based on TDMA and CSMA Algorithm
AU - Nugraha, I. Gde Dharma
AU - Ashadi, Edwiansyah Zaky
AU - Efendi, Ardiansyah Musa
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024, Innovative Information Science and Technology Research Group. All rights reserved.
PY - 2024/3/1
Y1 - 2024/3/1
N2 - LoRa can be used as the communication technology for the intelligent monitoring system. However, LoRa is usually used for outdoor communication. The usage of LoRa as indoor communication has many challenges. One of the challenges is that collision happens when using standard LoRa devices with only one channel. The algorithms based on TDMA (Time-division Multiple Access) and CSMA (Carrier-sense Multiple Access) protocols can be used to address this challenge. These two algorithms can be modified by applying the device that is the center of the network (gateway) as a central control and the data transmitter (sensor node) as a passive device. The test was conducted on the Intelligent Laboratory Monitoring System to evaluate this design on a multi-node LoRa network. RSSI testing proves that the distance and building interference affect the signal strength or RSSI of sensor nodes, so the average RSSI value is-73.75 with an RSSI threshold of value-106. The gateway successfully collected each sensor node data with an average success of about 64.953%. The experiment results show the success rate of the CSMA-based algorithm is 10% versus 100% in TDMA-based algorithm; the delay is 4125 ms for CSMA-based and 428.3 ms for TDMA-based. This result means that the CSMA-based algorithm is more complex, takes more time to process the data than the TDMA-based algorithm, has a low success rate, and is more prone to collisions.
AB - LoRa can be used as the communication technology for the intelligent monitoring system. However, LoRa is usually used for outdoor communication. The usage of LoRa as indoor communication has many challenges. One of the challenges is that collision happens when using standard LoRa devices with only one channel. The algorithms based on TDMA (Time-division Multiple Access) and CSMA (Carrier-sense Multiple Access) protocols can be used to address this challenge. These two algorithms can be modified by applying the device that is the center of the network (gateway) as a central control and the data transmitter (sensor node) as a passive device. The test was conducted on the Intelligent Laboratory Monitoring System to evaluate this design on a multi-node LoRa network. RSSI testing proves that the distance and building interference affect the signal strength or RSSI of sensor nodes, so the average RSSI value is-73.75 with an RSSI threshold of value-106. The gateway successfully collected each sensor node data with an average success of about 64.953%. The experiment results show the success rate of the CSMA-based algorithm is 10% versus 100% in TDMA-based algorithm; the delay is 4125 ms for CSMA-based and 428.3 ms for TDMA-based. This result means that the CSMA-based algorithm is more complex, takes more time to process the data than the TDMA-based algorithm, has a low success rate, and is more prone to collisions.
KW - Algorithm
KW - Architecture
KW - Carrier-sense Multiple Access
KW - CSMA
KW - Indoor Monitoring
KW - IoT
KW - IoT Network
KW - LoRa
KW - Multi-node
KW - Protocol
KW - RSSI
KW - Smart Monitoring System
KW - TDMA
KW - Time-division Multiple Access
KW - Wireless Sensor Network
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85191174931&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.58346/JOWUA.2024.I1.005
DO - 10.58346/JOWUA.2024.I1.005
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85191174931
SN - 2093-5374
VL - 15
SP - 53
EP - 74
JO - Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, and Dependable Applications
JF - Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, and Dependable Applications
IS - 1
ER -