Particle size modification of curcumin and its effect on plasma and tissue distribution

Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound with wide pharmacological activity, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, reno-protective, hepatoprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Despite its known benefits, use of curcumin is limited because of its poor absorption, bioavailability, and rapid elimination. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of particle size modification on the concentration of curcumin in the plasma and tissues. Nanocurcumin was produced from curcumin using the top-down method. Subsequently, 5 Sprague-Dawley rats per group were randomized to receive curcumin or nanocurcumin in a single oral dose (500mg/kg of body weight). Plasma and tissues (liver, kidney and colon) samples were obtained 180 and 240 min, respectively, after administration. Curcumin levels in the plasma and tissues were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. The obtained particle size of nanocurcumin was < 100nm. Curcumin and nanocurcumin were detectable and measurable in the plasma, liver, kidney, and colon. Overall, there were no significant differences in the concentration of curcumin after a single administration of curcumin or nanocurcumin in the plasma and liver, kidney, and colon tissues. Reduction of the particle size of curcumin to nanosize does not increase the concentration of curcumin in the plasma, colon, liver, and kidney tissues.