@inproceedings{51d9051dd103413f9123927ed517ee90,
title = "Partial replacement of non renewable fossil fuels energy by the use of waste materials as alternative fuels",
abstract = "This paper reports recent investigations on the use of biomass like rice husk, palm kernel shell, saw dust and municipal waste to reduce the use of fossil fuels energy in the cement production. Such waste materials have heat values in the range approximately from 2,000 to 4,000 kcal/kg. These are comparable to the average value of 5800 kcal/kg from fossil materials like coals which are widely applied in many industrial processing. Hence, such waste materials could be used as alternative fuels replacing the fossil one. It is shown that replacement of coals with such waste materials has a significant impact on cost effectiveness as well as sustainable development. Variation in moisture content of the waste materials, however should be taken into account because this is one of the parameter that could not be controlled. During fuel combustion, some amount of the total energy is used to evaporate the water content and thus the net effective heat value is less.",
keywords = "Alternative fuels, Coal, Heat value, Waste materials",
author = "V. Indrawati and Azwar Manaf and G. Purwadi",
year = "2009",
doi = "10.1063/1.3243249",
language = "English",
isbn = "9780735407060",
series = "AIP Conference Proceedings",
pages = "179--184",
booktitle = "International Workshop on Advanced Material for New and Renewable Energy, AMNRE",
note = "International Workshop on Advanced Material for New and Renewable Energy, AMNRE ; Conference date: 09-06-2009 Through 11-06-2009",
}
