Oral findings in children with human immunodeficiency virus treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: An institutional study in Indonesia

The oral findings among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children in Indonesia especially treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have never been reported. This study aimed to identify the oral manifestations, dental and oral health status of Indonesian children with HIV infection treated with HAART. The cross sectional study was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH) in Jakarta, Indonesia. The children in-patients (aged 1 to 12 years) confirmed to be HIV-positive by Department of Pediatrics were recruited. The sociodemographic data, oral mucosal condition, DMFT, deft, OHIS score, use of HAART and immune status were recorded. Seventy children who were undergoing HAART were included in this study. This study found low prevalence of oral mucosal lesion related to HIV infection. Gingivitis was the most common oral condition found in 48 (68.6%) children followed by aphthous ulcers, pseudomembrane candidiasis, herpes infection, angular cheilitis, ecchymosis and oral wart lesion. A high caries prevalence were seen in this study with mean score of deft and DMFT were 8.2 + 6.7 and 0.9 + 1.9 respectively and the mean OHIS score was 1.35 + 0.6.