TY - JOUR
T1 - Myristica fragrans oil as a potent inhibitor of Candida albicans
T2 - Phase development inhibition and synergistic effect
AU - Handayani, Ratu Juwita
AU - Mahendra, Irviana Chairunnisa Putri
AU - Forestrania, Roshamur Cahyan
AU - Gusmira, Aini
AU - Adawiyah, Robiatul
AU - Rozaliyani, Anna
AU - Makau, Juliann Nzembi
AU - Raekiansyah, Muhareva
AU - Rahmasari, Ratika
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was partially funded by the PUTI Saintekes Grant 2020 from Universitas Indonesia.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Ratu Juwita Handayani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - Increasing reports of Candida spp. resistance against azole drugs pressure the need for antifungal discovery with a different mechanism. Myristica fragrans oil has been known to have anti-Candida activity, but its mechanism of action is unknown. To determine the effect of M. fragrans oil on the biofilm development phases of Candida albicans and its combination with fluconazole. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the antifungal activity of M. fragrans oil. The time of addition assay was performed at the adhesion, intermediate, and maturation phases. The effect of the combination of M. fragrans oil with fluconazole was determined by the interaction index value. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was performed to identify potential components. Myristica fragrans oil showed a 50% inhibitory concentration of 1.76% ± 0.4% against C. albicans and also inhibited Candida krusei and Candida glabrata. The time of addition assay showed M. fragrans oil effectively inhibited the adhesion and intermediate phases of biofilm development. The combination with fluconazole produced a synergistic effect. GC-MS indicated the presence of α-copaene (11.47%) and myristicin (11.81%) as the main compounds. Myristica fragrans oil acts on different phases of biofilm development and could be used as an antifungal agent in combination with fluconazole.
AB - Increasing reports of Candida spp. resistance against azole drugs pressure the need for antifungal discovery with a different mechanism. Myristica fragrans oil has been known to have anti-Candida activity, but its mechanism of action is unknown. To determine the effect of M. fragrans oil on the biofilm development phases of Candida albicans and its combination with fluconazole. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the antifungal activity of M. fragrans oil. The time of addition assay was performed at the adhesion, intermediate, and maturation phases. The effect of the combination of M. fragrans oil with fluconazole was determined by the interaction index value. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was performed to identify potential components. Myristica fragrans oil showed a 50% inhibitory concentration of 1.76% ± 0.4% against C. albicans and also inhibited Candida krusei and Candida glabrata. The time of addition assay showed M. fragrans oil effectively inhibited the adhesion and intermediate phases of biofilm development. The combination with fluconazole produced a synergistic effect. GC-MS indicated the presence of α-copaene (11.47%) and myristicin (11.81%) as the main compounds. Myristica fragrans oil acts on different phases of biofilm development and could be used as an antifungal agent in combination with fluconazole.
KW - Anti-candida
KW - Combination
KW - Inhibition phase
KW - Myristica fragrans oil
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85146309661&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.7324/JAPS.2023.130106
DO - 10.7324/JAPS.2023.130106
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85146309661
SN - 2231-3354
VL - 13
SP - 212
EP - 220
JO - Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
JF - Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
IS - 1
ER -