TY - JOUR
T1 - Multifunctional Glass Microfluidic Microwave Sensor Attenuator for Detection of Permittivity and Conductivity with Device Protection
AU - Firmansyah, Teguh
AU - Praptodiyono, Supriyanto
AU - Muttakin, Imamul
AU - Paramayudha, Ken
AU - Alam, Syah
AU - Handoyo, Teguh
AU - Rusdiyanto, Dian
AU - Alaydrus, Mudrik
AU - Anggradinata, Habib Nurseha
AU - Abuzairi, Tomy
AU - Wibisono, Gunawan
AU - Kondoh, Jun
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
IEEE
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - A multifunctional sensor is essential for supporting Internet of Things (IoT) technology. However, many existing sensor technologies are monofunctional, making them challenging to integrate with RF networks. Additionally, several base transceivers operate at high power. To address this problem, our study proposes an asymmetric ring resonator based on a glass substrate for a multifunctional microwave sensor attenuator. The proposed sensor can simultaneously detect permittivity and conductivity while providing protection for high-power RF device. Our approach uses a specific measurement strategy. Specifically, we utilize a constant transmission coefficient (S21) at a specific frequency for permittivity detection. Simultaneously, we observe changes in the Q-factor and the S21 value at a constant frequency for conductivity measurement. Furthermore, the stable S21 response serves as a high-power RF attenuator. In brief, our proposed sensor offers four key advantages: 1) simultaneous detection of permittivity and conductivity changes, 2) operation through a stable microfluidic mechanism with a tiny sample volume of 11.78 μl, 3) high-frequency operation without the need for additional modulators, and 4) independent signal attenuation capabilities to safeguard devices from overpowering RF signals. The measurement results demonstrate the sensor’s capability to detect changes in permittivity with a normalized sensitivity of 0.016%. Furthermore, the sensor can sense ultrasmall conductivity values ranging from 0.055 to 0.252 μS/cm, with sensitivities of ΔQ / Δσ = 27.87 and Δ|S21| /Δσ = 2.49. Additionally, the device effectively attenuates overpowering signals, achieving an attenuation of -6.45 dB or transmitting only 22.65%. In conclusion, our study successfully designs a multifunctional sensor device with independent device protection capabilities, addressing the crucial need to protect devices from excessive microwave signal power. This feature makes the sensor well-suited for future IoT technology applications.
AB - A multifunctional sensor is essential for supporting Internet of Things (IoT) technology. However, many existing sensor technologies are monofunctional, making them challenging to integrate with RF networks. Additionally, several base transceivers operate at high power. To address this problem, our study proposes an asymmetric ring resonator based on a glass substrate for a multifunctional microwave sensor attenuator. The proposed sensor can simultaneously detect permittivity and conductivity while providing protection for high-power RF device. Our approach uses a specific measurement strategy. Specifically, we utilize a constant transmission coefficient (S21) at a specific frequency for permittivity detection. Simultaneously, we observe changes in the Q-factor and the S21 value at a constant frequency for conductivity measurement. Furthermore, the stable S21 response serves as a high-power RF attenuator. In brief, our proposed sensor offers four key advantages: 1) simultaneous detection of permittivity and conductivity changes, 2) operation through a stable microfluidic mechanism with a tiny sample volume of 11.78 μl, 3) high-frequency operation without the need for additional modulators, and 4) independent signal attenuation capabilities to safeguard devices from overpowering RF signals. The measurement results demonstrate the sensor’s capability to detect changes in permittivity with a normalized sensitivity of 0.016%. Furthermore, the sensor can sense ultrasmall conductivity values ranging from 0.055 to 0.252 μS/cm, with sensitivities of ΔQ / Δσ = 27.87 and Δ|S21| /Δσ = 2.49. Additionally, the device effectively attenuates overpowering signals, achieving an attenuation of -6.45 dB or transmitting only 22.65%. In conclusion, our study successfully designs a multifunctional sensor device with independent device protection capabilities, addressing the crucial need to protect devices from excessive microwave signal power. This feature makes the sensor well-suited for future IoT technology applications.
KW - Attenuator
KW - conductivity sensor
KW - microwave sensor
KW - multifunctional sensor
KW - permittivity sensor
KW - ring resonator
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85181571379&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3347554
DO - 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3347554
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85181571379
SN - 1530-437X
VL - 24
SP - 1
JO - IEEE Sensors Journal
JF - IEEE Sensors Journal
IS - 4
ER -