Modeling of ultra-long span bidirectional raman transmission link using three-segment hybrid fiber core structure

Physics & Astronomy

• fibers 48%
• optical communication 45%
• signal to noise ratios 42%
• Kerr effects 37%
• signal distortion 24%
• hybrid structures 21%
• quadrature phase shift keying 20%
• simulation 19%
• data transmission 19%
• performance 15%
• coverings 14%
• costs 13%
• degradation 13%
• formulations 11%
• augmentation 10%
• propagation 10%
• profiles 9%

Engineering & Materials Science

• Fibers 59%
• Signal to noise ratio 53%
• Computer simulation 47%
• Signal distortion 28%
• Nonlinear distortion 27%
• Forward error correction 26%
• Quadrature phase shift keying 25%
• Amplification 22%
• Data communication systems 19%
• Numerical models 17%
• Degradation 15%
• Costs 8%

Medicine & Life Sciences

• Signal-To-Noise Ratio 100%
• Computer Communication Networks 42%
• Noise 26%
• Costs and Cost Analysis 18%